Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of water-ethanolic extract from Pothomorphe umbellata (Piperaceae) aerial parts |
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| Authors: | Perazzo Fabio F Souza Gustavo H B Lopes Walter Cardoso Luis G V Carvalho Jose C T Nanayakkara N P Dhammika Bastos Jairo K |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;2. Departement of Chemistry, Jaipur National University, Jaipur 302017, India;3. Environmental Materials Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India;1. National Children''s Research Center, Our Lady''s Children''s Hospital, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland;2. School of Medicine and Medical Science and Conway Institute of Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Ireland;1. Emeritus Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Business, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;2. Emeritus Professor, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;3. Range Management Specialist, US Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service, Jornada Experimental Range, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;4. Assistant Professor, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, El Paso, TX 79927, USA |
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| Abstract: | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as the median lethal dose (LD50) of water-ethanolic extract (PHE) of the aerial parts of Pothomorphe umbellata were evaluated in animal models. The ED(50) (oral) for the inhibition of carrageenan-induced rat paw edema assay was determined to be 550 mg/kg, while the LD(50) was higher than 2.0 g/kg. At a dose of 550 mg/kg, PHE inhibited the inflammatory process by 48.7% (P < 0.05) on the third hour of the assay (edema peak) when compared to the untreated control. Indomethacin, the positive control used in this test, inhibited the edema by 58.6% at a dose of 10 mg/kg, when compared to the untreated control (P < 0.05). All three fractions--hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate--obtained by partition of PHE with respective solvents also showed inhibition of the edema induced by carrageenan over a period of 4h but the methylene chloride fraction showed the best activity. The activity shown by the methylene chloride fraction at 200 mg/kg was comparable to that exhibited by indomethacin at a dose of 10mg/kg. The number of writhings induced by a 0.6% acetic acid solution intraperitoneal injection was decreased by 22% (P < 0.05) in the group treated orally with Pothomorphe umbellata crude extract. PHE also inhibited the granulomatous tissue formation in rats by 6.2% (P < 0.05). In the same assay, topically applied dexamethasone decreased the granuloma formation by 14.2%. The above results suggest that Pothomorphe umbellata crude extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties supporting its folkloric use for the treatment of these conditions. |
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