Estimating the number of street children and adolescents in two cities of Brazil using capture-recapture

Aim: To use the capture–recapture method to estimate the number of street children and adolescents in Maceió and Arapiraca, north‐east Brazil, and describe the characteristics of the two populations. Methods: The number of children and adolescents on the street in Maceió and Arapiraca was estimated using the multi‐list capture–recapture method. Two street surveys and an official list from the social services department were compared. The characteristics of the children were recorded during the street surveys using a questionnaire. Results: The estimated number of street children and adolescents was 5225 in Maceió and 1191 in Arapiraca. According to the official records, the population registered was 565 and 157, respectively. Most individuals were male (71.4% and 71.8%, respectively). They still maintain contact with their families (85.5% in Maceió and 89.6% in Arapiraca) and attend school regularly (43.4% and 49.7%). Drug use was admitted by 46.9% of the individuals in Maceió and by 26.9% in Arapiraca. In both cities, glue inhalation, associated or not with other drugs, was most frequently cited. Conclusions: Children and adolescents on the streets are a common and underestimated occurrence in Maceió and Arapiraca. They have similar characteristics to street children from other countries and other cities in Brazil. The method of capture–recapture seems to be suited to study populations such as street children.