Detecting white coat and reverse white coat effects in clinic settings using measures of blood pressure habituation in the clinic and patient self-monitoring of blood pressure

To examine the utility of blood pressure (BP) habituation within and across multiple clinic visits and patient-determined home BP monitoring for detecting white coat (WCE) and reverse white coat effects (RWCE) commonly observed in medical settings, 54 patients undergoing evaluation for hypertension in an internal medicine group practice were categorized according to the magnitude of differences between systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) obtained in the clinic and through ambulatory BP monitoring. BPs were measured four times during three separate clinic visits, during a 1-week home BP monitoring period, and during a single 24-h ambulatory monitoring period. Patients whose mean clinic and average daytime BPs were within +/-5 mm Hg were categorized as having stable BP; patients whose clinic BPs were >5 mm Hg of their daytime BPs were categorized as showing a WCE and patients whose average daytime BPs were >5 mm Hg of their clinic BPs were categorized as showing a RWCE. Results revealed that degree of habituation occurring between the first and third clinic visits significantly predicted magnitude of both the WCE and RWCE for SBP, with greater habituation being associated with the WCE and lesser habituation associated with the RWCE. Greater SBP habituation within clinic visits was associated with the WCE for SBP and greater DBP habituation within clinic visits was associated with the WCE for DBP. Lesser DBP habituation within clinic visits was associated with the RWCE for both SBP and DBP. Home BP monitoring did not contribute to predicting either WCE or RWCE.