Nitric oxide increases glucose uptake through a mechanism that is distinct from the insulin and contraction pathways in rat skeletal muscle |
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Authors: | Higaki Y Hirshman M F Fujii N Goodyear L J |
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Institution: | Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. |
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Abstract: | Insulin, contraction, and the nitric oxide (NO) donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), all increase glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Some reports suggest that NO is a critical mediator of insulin- and/or contraction-stimulated transport. To determine if the mechanism leading to NO-stimulated glucose uptake is similar to the insulin- or contraction-dependent signaling pathways, isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from rats were treated with various combinations of SNP (maximum 10 mmol/l), insulin (maximum 50 mU/ml), electrical stimulation to produce contractions (maximum 10 min), wortmannin (100 nmol/l), and/or the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) (0.1 mmol/l). The combinations of SNP plus insulin and SNP plus contraction both had fully additive effects on 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Wortmannin completely inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport and only slightly inhibited SNP-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake, whereas L-NMMA did not inhibit contraction-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake. SNP significantly increased the activity of the alpha1 catalytic subunit of 5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a signaling molecule that has been implicated in mediating glucose transport in fuel-depleted cells. Addition of the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (1 mg/ml) to the drinking water of rats for 2 days failed to affect the increase in muscle 2-deoxyglucose uptake in response to treadmill exercise. These data suggest that NO stimulates glucose uptake through a mechanism that is distinct from both the insulin and contraction signaling pathways. |
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