大连地区母血及脐血中21种微量元素浓度测定分析

目的调查铁、锌、铜等11种必需微量元素及铅、砷、镉等10种有毒微量元素在正常产妇静脉血及新生儿脐血间的分布规律及其相关性,为孕期合理保健提供科学依据。方法随机对150名健康住院分娩的产妇分别抽取外周静脉血和新生儿脐静脉血,微波消解法制备供试品,电感耦合等离子体-质谱（ICP-MS）法进行全血21种微量元素水平的测定。结果大连地区孕妇全血中微量元素铁、钴、硒、铬、钼、砷、镉、铊和钒的浓度在正常成人参考值范围,锌、钙、铜、铅、银和钡的浓度明显低于参考值,而镁、锰和镍的浓度则高于该范围。与母血中各种微量元素浓度相比,脐血中的锌、钴、铜、锰、镍、铅、砷和镉的浓度均显著性降低（P〈0.01）,而铁的浓度则显著高于母血（P〈0.01）。直线相关分析结果表明,母血与脐血之间钙、镁、钴、铅、砷、铍、银、钡和钍的浓度呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）。结论微量元素在孕妇体内的浓度有别于正常成人的水平,新生儿体内微量元素的浓度与母亲体内微量元素的水平高低密切相关,孕期对上述多种重要的必需微量元素和有毒微量元素的水平进行监测和及时采取科学、有效的应对措施是优生的重要内容。

The determination of 21 trace elements in maternal blood and cord blood in Dalian region

Objective： To study the distribution of 11 essential trace elements and 10 harmful trace elements in mother＇ s venous blood and cord blood, and their correlations so as to provide scientific evidences for reasonable health care during pregnancy. Methods： We selected 150 healthy pregnant women as the study subjects, and collected their venous blood and cord blood samples. The microwave digestion method was used to digest blood samples. The concentrations of these trace elements in whole blood samples were determined by ICP - MS. Results ： The concentrations of Fe, Co, Se, Cr, Mo, As, Cd, Tl and V were within the reference value ranges of healthy adults. The concentrations of Zn, Ca, Cu, Pb, Ag and Ba were lower than the reference value ranges. The concentrations of Mg, Mn, Ni and Al were higher than the ranges. The concentrations of Zn, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, As and Cd in the cord blood were significantly lower than those in blood of pregnant women （ P 〈0. 01 ）. On the contrary, the concentration of Fe in the cord blood was significantly higher than that in blood of pregnant women （ P 〉0. 01 ）. The correlation study showed that there were positive correla- tionships in concentrations of Ca, Mg, Co, Pb, As, Be, Ag, Ba and Th between pregnant women blood and cord blood （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion ： The levels of trace elements in the pregnant women were different from those of the healthy adults＇ s. The concentrations of trace elements in cord blood were closely associated with the corresponding concentrations in mother＇ s venous blood. It is necessary to monitor the levels of these essential and harmful trace elements during pregnancy and to adopt scientific and effective measures of prevention.