近期泌尿系统结核诊治体会(附36例报告)

目的提高泌尿系统结核的诊治水平。方法总结了３６例患者的诊治体会。结果尿路刺激症状和血尿为最常见症状，分别为７８％和３６％。２４小时尿抗酸杆菌和尿结核ＰＣＲ的阳性率分别为２５％和４０％，ＩＶＵ，逆行尿路造影及ＣＴ的诊断符合率分别为３８％，６３％和４４％。３３例患者接受了肾及部分输尿管切除术，肾上盏结核病灶清除术１例，对侧输尿管膀胱吻合术１例及肾穿刺造瘘术１例。１例患者并发血行播散型结核死亡。结论尿沉渣染色查抗酸杆菌仍应作为泌尿系结核诊断的主要方法，ＰＣＲ法在结核诊断的意义尚需较长时间的验证。ＩＶＵ和逆行尿路造影可作为泌尿系结核诊断首选的影像学检查，对两者不能明确诊断的，可选择磁共振水成像和ＣＴ检查。对肾及输尿管结核可不做输尿管全长切除。

Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tuberculosis (report of 36 cases)

Objective To improve the diagnostic technique and therapeutic efficacy for urinary tuberculosis. Methods 36 cases were analysed. Results Irritative symptoms (78%) and gross hematuria (36%) were the most common symptoms encountered in these patients.Acid fast stains on urinary sediment were positive in 25% of cases and TB PCR was positive in 40%.The diagnostic accuracy of IVU,retrograde urography and CT in these patients were 38%,63% and 44% respectively.33 patients underwent a nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy,one of them had a contralateral ureter reimplantation.One patients died of miliary tuberculosis. Conclusions Acid fast stain remains a major pathogen detecting tool and the value of TB PCR needs to be confirmed.IVU and retrograde urography are the first line studies in the evaluation of urinary tuberculosis,MRI(T 2 weighted image) or antegrade urography might be a choice.CT scan has a definite value in the diagnosis of moderate and late stage of the disease.For tuberculosis of kidney and ureter,total ureterectomy might not be needed.When surgical intervention is needed nephrectomy and partial ureterectomy would be enough.