空气污染物浓度对儿童肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿数影响分析

目的探讨空气污染物浓度对儿童肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿数的影响。方法收集北部战区总医院自2017年1月至2019年12月收治的732例肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿的临床资料,以及沈阳市空气质量指数及各污染物的日平均值、小时平均值。利用时间序列的广义相加Poisson回归模型,分析沈阳市空气污染物浓度与儿童肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿数的关联性。结果通过关联性分析发现,SO₂对肺炎支原体肺炎日入院人数影响最大,PM_2.5次之,PM₁₀最小。PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂的最佳滞后时间分别为6、1、7 d。多污染模型结果发现,SO₂每增加10μg/m³,肺炎支原体肺炎患儿日住院相对风险增加3.7%;PM_2.5每增加10μg/m³,相对风险增加3.1%;PM₁₀每增加10μg/m³,相对风险增加1.0%。各污染物对男性、女性住院人数的影响比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 SO₂、PM_2.5及PM₁₀浓度与儿童肺炎支原体肺炎住院患儿数呈正相关,随着浓度升高,住院风险加大。

Influence of air pollutant concentration on the number of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Objective To investigate the effect of air pollutant concentration on the number of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 732 hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia who were admitted from January 2017 to December 2019.Meanwhile,the daily and hourly average values of air quality index and pollutants in Shenyang were collected.The correlation between the concentration of air pollutants and the number of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Shenyang was analyzed via using the generalized additive poisson regression model of time series.Results Through correlation analysis,it was found that SO₂ had the greatest impact on the number of hospitalized patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,PM_2.5 took the second place,and PM₁₀ was the smallest.The best lag time of PM_2.5,PM₁₀ and SO₂ was 6,1 and 7 days,respectively.The results of multi pollution model showed that for every 10 μg/m³ increase of SO₂,the relative risk of hospitalization of patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia increased by 3.7%;for every 10 μg/m³ increase of PM_2.5,the relative risk increased by 3.1%;for every 10 μg/m³ increase of PM₁₀,the relative risk increased by 1.0%.There were statistically significant differences in the effects of pollutants between male and female inpatients(P<0.05).Conclusion The concentration of SO₂,PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ is positively correlated with the number of children hospitalized with mycoplasma pneumoniae,and the risk of hospitalization increases with the increase of the concentration.