基于表型性状和药材品质的8个贵州太子参品系的筛选与评价

目的:运用单株选育法,对目标太子参单株进行株系比较试验,为太子参新品种的选育提供种质材料。方法:以施秉SB-4号种源的8个太子参单株为选育对象,观测植株的27个表型性状、8个产量性状,UV分光光度计检测各株系的多糖含量。对观测结果运用因子分析法进行比较和筛选,单因素方差分析对其药材中多糖含量进行评价。结果:因子分析将27个表型性状归属于7个主因子,其中ZT-01,ZT-02,ZT-06,ZT-07株系的综合表型性状较好;8个产量性状可简化为新的3个主因子,以ZT-01,ZT-02,ZT-03,ZT-07株系的综合产量性状较好;单因素方差分析显示,ZT-01,ZT-02,ZT-05,ZT-08株系的多糖含量显著高于ZT-03,ZT-04,ZT-06,ZT-07株系。结论:从表型性状,产量性状和品质性状综合考虑,ZT-01,ZT-02,ZT-03,ZT-06,ZT-07表现优良,其中ZT-01,ZT-02株系可作为重点扩繁株系进一步选育;ZT-06,ZT-07株系的株型,主茎节数等表型性状好,可以作为观赏品种选育;ZT-03株系的抗性好,产量高,可以作为抗性品种进行选育研究;ZT-05株系的多糖含量高,翌年继续进行单株筛选。

Breeding on eight strains of Pseudostellaria heterophylla based on phenotypic traits and quality in Guizhou province

Objective: To provide new germplasm materials for breeding new varieties of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. Method: The method of single plant selection was adopted, with the comparative experiments being carried out under the same conditions in Shibing county. The 8 plants of Shibing SB-4 were compared respectively with factor analysis for 27 phenotypic traits and 8 yield traits, and single factor variance analysis for the contents of polysaccharides. Result: Using factor analysis, 27 phenotypic traits were classified into 7 principal divisors and 8 yield traits were simplified into 3 principal divisors. The 4 strains of P. heterophylla, ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-06 and ZT-07, performed better than others in the phenotypic traits, and ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-03 and ZT-07 in the yield traits. The contents of polysaccharides of ZT-01, ZT-02, ZT-05 and ZT-08 showed significantly higher value. Conclusion: There is significant difference among the 8 strains of P. heterophylla in phenotypic traits, yield traits and quality traits, making it possible to select certain strains for different purposes. ZT-01 and ZT-02 can be breaded further. ZT-06 and ZT-07 were used as ornamental cultivars for its great phenotypic traits. ZT-03 with good resistance and high yield was taken as resistant variety, and ZT-05 would face next selection on the basis of its high content of polysaccharide.