2247名中学生的自我效能、自尊与积极/消极情感

目的:探讨中学生自我效能、自尊与积极、消极情感及其四者之间的关系。方法:采用问卷调查法,对从6个地区16所中学抽取的2247中学生施测Rosenberg自尊、自我效能以及中学生情感量表,分析性别和年级差异以及自尊在自我效能和情感体验中的中介作用。结果:自尊有随年级而增高的趋势,从初一到高三自尊量表得分依次为:(2.91±0.38),(2.93±0.41),(3.01±0.41),(2.98±0.44),(3.04±0.41),(3.17±0.42)];男生自我效能得分高于女生(2.74±0.39)vs.(2.68±0.40),P0.001],初三、高三年级学生自我效能得分高于其他年级(P0.05);女生积极、消极情感得分均高于男生(2.77±0.67)vs.(2.68±0.67),(2.22±0.70)vs.(2.13±0.68),Ps0.005],初一学生积极情感得分最高(2.85±0.62),高一、高二学生消极情感得分最高(2.26±0.71)vs.(2.25±0.73)]。自我效能、自尊与积极情感正相关(r=0.24,0.36),与消极情感负相关(r=-0.17,-0.32);自我效能与自尊正相关(r=0.47),均P0.001;自尊中介自我效能与积极/消极情感的关系,中介效应显著(Z=13.00,-13.07)。结论:自尊随年级而提升;男生自我效能高于女生;女生的积极、消极情感均高于男生;在控制性别和年级的条件下,自尊中介自我效能对于积极/消极情感体验的影响。

Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive/negative affect tn 2247 adolescents

Objective: To exploration the self-efficacy, self-esteem, and positive/negative affect and the re-lationships among them in Chinese adolescents. Methods: The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Generalized Self-Ef-ficacy Scale, and Adolescents Positive/Negative Affect Scale were administrated to 2247 middle school students sampled from 16 schools from 6 districts. Results: Self-esteem tended to increase as grade (2.91±0.38), (2.93±0.41), (3.01±0.41), (2.98±0.44), (3.04±0.41), (3.17±0.42)]. Boys had higher self-efficacy (2.74±0.39)vs.(2.68±0.40), P <0.001]. Two senior grades had higher self-efficacy than other 4 grades (P<0.05). Girls had higher positive and negative affect (2.77±0.67)vs.(2.68±0.67), (2.22±0.70) vs.(2.13±0.68), Ps <0.05]. Junior grade one had the highest positive effect (2.85±0.62), grade one and two in high school had more negative effect than other 4 grades (2.26±0.71, 2.25±0.73).Self-efficacy and self-esteem were positively correlated with positive affect (r=0.24, 0.36), negatively correlated with negative af-fect (r=-0.17, -0.32) ; self-esteem significantly mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and positive/negative affect (Z=13.00, -13.07) . Conclusion: Self-esteem tends to increase as grade, boys have higher self-efficacy than girls, and girls have higher positive and negative affect than boys. Self-esteem mediates the rela-tionship between generalized self-efficacy and positive/negative affect in Chinese adolescents after controlling the effects of gender and grade.