水凝胶材料和间充质干细胞在组织工程中的应用进展

随着组织工程学的发展, 人们越来越关注将水凝胶作为支架材料并与细胞3D培养相结合用于组织器官再生与修复。水凝胶由亲水性聚合物、共聚物或可以形成大分子链的单体大分子交联而成, 可吸收大量水分并保持3D结构, 具有良好的生物相容性、可包埋细胞和有效的递送生物活性分子等特点, 因而被广泛用于生物医药领域的药物输送和组织工程等领域。间充质干细胞可以从骨髓、脂肪、脐带等多种组织中获取, 具有低免疫原性及多向分化潜能, 是细胞3D培养以及细胞治疗的首选。目前间充质干细胞主要是2D培养模式, 该培养模式下的间充质干细胞繁殖率低, 且无法模拟体内的生长环境。水凝胶材料作为3D细胞培养支架具有良好的相容性, 可以模拟体内的生长环境, 在修复受损软骨、骨、皮肤和心脏等组织中有巨大潜力。概述水凝胶、间充质干细胞以及间充质干细胞和水凝胶材料在组织工程中的应用, 展示水凝胶材料与间充质干细胞的3D培养在不同组织再生和修复中的发展趋势和可能性, 以期为后续水凝胶和干细胞的深入应用研究提供参考。

Progress in Application of Hydrogels and Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Engineering

With the development of tissue engineering, there is an increasing focus on using hydrogel as scaffolds and 3D culture modes for tissue and organ regeneration. Hydrogel is formed by hydrophilic polymer, copolymer or a monomer macromolecule capable of forming a macromolecular chain, which can absorb a large amount of water and maintain a three-dimensional structure. Because of its good biocompatibility, entrapment of cells and bioactive molecules and effective delivery, they are widely used in drug delivery, tissue engineering and so on in the field of biomedicine. Mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained in bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord and other tissues with low immunogenicity and multidirectional differentiation potential, which are the preferred cells for 3D cultures and cell therapies. At present, the culture mode of mesenchymal stem cells is mainly 2D. The 2D culture mode of mesenchymal stem cells leads to low reproduction rate and cannot simulate the growth environment in vivo. Hydrogel materials as scaffolds of 3D culture have good compatibility, can simulate the growth environment in vivo, and have great potential in repairing damaged cartilage, such as bone, skin and heart tissues. In this review, we summarized the applications of hydrogels and mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering. We showed the development of hydrogel materials and 3D culture mode of mesenchymal stem cells in different tissues, showing that the 3D culture mode of hydrogel materials and mesenchymal stem cells makes it possible to regenerate and repair tissues and organs, and providing a reference for the further study of the application of hydrogel and stem cell.