M1/M2型肺泡巨噬细胞亚群在新型冠状病毒肺炎中的作用及中医药调控机制研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)死亡患者的病理解剖结果显示肺部过度的炎症反应是诱发急性肺损伤或急性呼吸窘迫综合征等并发症的重要原因之一,调节过度的免疫应答对治疗该病有重要的意义。肺泡巨噬细胞具有高度的异质性和可塑性,在机体感染早期和后期,M1/M2型肺泡巨噬细胞亚群平衡及功能的动态变化对肺部炎性反应具有显著的影响。本文综述巨噬细胞的分型及功能,探讨巨噬细胞在新冠肺炎不同阶段病理过程的作用机制以及中药治疗的药效机制,为中医药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎以及基于调控巨噬细胞极化的药物研发上提供思路。

Effect of M1/M2 Alveolar Macrophage Subsets in COVID-19 and Regulatory Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine

The pathological anatomical results of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients showed that excessive inflammatory reaction in the lungs is one of the important causes for such complications as acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, regulation of immune response may be an effective measure for COVID-19. Alveolar macrophages have a high heterogeneity and plasticity. The dynamic changes of subsets balance and function of M1/M2 alveolar macrophages have a significant effect on pulmonary inflammatory response during the early and late stages of infection. This paper reviews the classification and function of macrophages and explores the mechanism of alveolar macrophage in the pathological process of COVID-19 at different stages and the pharmacodynamic mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. Besides, it provides ideas for the treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine and other drugs'' research and development based on the regulation of macrophage polarization.