膝关节动脉血液供应的初步观察

本文选择固定和新鲜尸体下肢标本57侧,采用局部解剖、动脉铸型、动脉造影和标本透明等方法,对膝关节动脉血液供应作了初步观察。动脉关节支起点变异和共干形式,以右侧居多。膝区各动脉均有特殊的形态和一定的分布区域,在每一局部几个血液供应来源中,总有一个主次关系和层次关系。膝区动脉按口径大小,可以分成3组。口径的变化除了可以评价局部血液供应丰富的程度外,也是衡量相邻动脉大小的指征。整个膝区动脉血液供应配布比较均匀对称。供应膝关节的各动脉起点的高度是恒定的,相互间保持一定关系。本文还就纯关节支和肌关节支的概念、动脉吻合、局部“乏血管区”、髌前动脉网与髌骨血液供应的关系等进行了简单讨论。

PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS OF THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE KNEE JOINT

For the purpose of clinical application, this article presents a preliminary observation on the arterial supply of the knee joint in 57 fixed and fresh lower limbs, adopting topography, arterial cast, a rteriography and clearing of the specimens. There are more variations and common-stems of the articular branches on the right side. Each artery of the knee has its own characteristic morphology and special distribution. Whenever a local area has several sources of arterial supply, relationships between primary and secondary, superficial and deep arteries exist. According to their caliber, arteries of the knee may be divided into 3 groups. Besides the possibility for evaluating the degree of blood supply, variations in caliber are indications for estimating the size of neighboring arteries. Arterial blood supply of the whole knee area is comparatively even and symmetrical. The level of origin of all arteries supplying the Same area of the knee joint is constant, bearing a certain relation to one another. Besides, a brief discussion about the concept of "pure articular branch" and "musculoarticular branch", collateral arterial anastomosis, local "nonvascular area", relationship between prepatellar arterial network and the blood supply of patella is given.