The influence of three-dimensional scapular kinematics on arm elevation angle in healthy subjects |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City 565-0871, Japan;2. Senri Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-6-1 Onoharanishi, Minoh City 562-0032, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City 565-0871, Japan;4. Department of Information Systems, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya City 369-0293, Japan;5. Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka City 560-0043, Japan;1. Department of Orthopaedic Biomaterial Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City 565-0871, Japan;2. Senri Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-6-1 Onoharanishi, Minoh City 562-0032, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita City 565-0871, Japan;4. Department of Information Systems, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya City 369-0293, Japan;5. Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-17 Machikaneyamacho, Toyonaka City 560-0043, Japan;1. Department of Internal Medicine, Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, 3-2-7 Miya-Machi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, 280 Sakuranosato, Ibarakimachi, Ibaraki, 311-3193, Japan;3. Baseball and Sports Clinic, 2-228-1 Kosugi, Park city Musashikosugi the Garden Towers West 1st Floor W4, Nakahara-ward, Kawasaki-city, Kanagawa, 211-0063, Japan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, 3-2-7 Miya-Machi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan;5. Department of Radiology, Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Mito Kyodo General Hospital. 3-2-7 Miya-Machi, Mito, Ibaraki, 310-0015, Japan;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan;2. Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan;3. Department of Rehabilitation, Nagoya City University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Toyohashi Medical Center, Toyohashi, Japan;5. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Aichi Shukutoku University, Nagakute, Japan;6. Department of Sports and Fitness, Faculty of Wellness, Shigakkan University, Obu, Japan;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Eastern Chiba Medical Center, Togane, Chiba, Japan;2. Department of General Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan;3. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Chiba, Japan;4. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan;5. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kubota Orthopaedic Clinic, Katori, Chiba, Japan;6. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kudanzaka Hospital, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundWe often clinically observe individual differences in arm elevation angles, but the motion producing these differences remains unclear, partly because of the difficulty of accurately measuring scapular motion. The aim of this study was to determine whether the scapular or glenohumeral (GH) motion has more influence on differences in the arm elevation angles by capturing not only the humerus and scapula but also the trunk using two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) shape-matching registration techniques.MethodsFifteen healthy subjects (13 male and 2 female; mean age: 27.7 years) were instructed to elevate their arms in the sagittal, scapular, and coronal planes. They were divided into high and low groups based on the average of arm elevation angle measured by a goniometer. The 3D scapular, thoracohumeral, and glenohumeral motions were evaluated using 2D/3D single-plane registration. To compare 3D motions between groups, we performed a two-way repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsEight subjects were assigned to the high group, while seven subjects were assigned to the low groups based on an average elevation angle of 172°. The low group demonstrated a significant larger scapular protraction during elevation in all planes (P = 0.0002 for flexion; P = 0.0047 for scaption; P = 0.0314 for abduction), and smaller posterior tilting only during flexion (P = 0.0157). No significant differences occurred in scapular upward rotations or the glenohumeral positions and rotations.ConclusionsThis study revealed that insufficient scapular retraction and posterior tilting results in lower arm elevation angles, suggesting that improving the flexibility and activation of muscles surrounding the scapula may be important to achieve complete arm elevation. |
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