Measures of carbohydrate quality and their association with diet quality and cardiometabolic health outcomes in Singapore middle-aged and older adults
Affiliation:
1. Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore;2. Science and Technology Department, Nestlé R&D Center (Pte) Ltd., Singapore 618802, Singapore;3. Department of Nutrition Sciences, Nestlé Research, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland;1. Department of Internal Medicine, “S. Maria delle Grazie”, Pozzuoli Hospital, Naples, Italy;2. Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy;3. Obesity and Endocrine Disease Unit, Department of Neuroscience, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon Children''s Hospital, Naples, Italy;4. Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy;5. IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children''s Hospital, Rome, Italy;6. Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy;7. Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;8. Department of Cardiology, “S. Maria delle Grazie”, Pozzuoli Hospital, Naples, Italy;9. Hypertension Research Centre & Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy;1. Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Brazil;2. School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), Postgraduate Program in Nutrition in Public Health, Brazil;3. Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Nutrição, Brazil;4. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Institute of Studies on Collective Health, Brazil;5. Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), School of Health Sciences, Brazil;1. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;2. Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;3. Health Commission of Tacheng Prefecture, Tacheng Prefecture, 834799, China;4. People''s Hospital of Tacheng Prefecture, 834799, China;5. Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children''s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China;6. Department of Clinical Epidemiology,Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China;1. Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucur, Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Nutritioni, Diamantina, Brazil;2. Universidade Federal de Curitiba, Department of Nursing, Brazil;3. Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Brazil;4. Physiology and Health. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;5. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil;6. Universidade Federal Dos Vales Do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. Program in Sciences of Nutrition, Diamantina, Brazil
Abstract:
Background and aimsCarbohydrate quality may play a key role in cardiometabolic health and disease risk. This study aimed to assess the dietary carbohydrate quality of the free-living middle-aged and older adults in Singapore, and its association with overall diet quality and cardiometabolic health.Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study examined the diet and cardiometabolic disease risk indicators of middle-aged and older adults in Singapore (n = 104). Dietary carbohydrate quality was assessed as the pass and fail rate of the population to four measures of carbohydrate quality: (i) dietary fiber recommended daily allowance (RDA), (ii) whole-grain recommendation, (iii) free sugar recommendation, and (iv) carbohydrate metrics. The association between each carbohydrate quality measure and diet quality, as well as cardiometabolic health, was assessed. Except for free sugar recommendation, the carbohydrate quality of the population was found to be poor with a low adherence (20–36%) to three measures. Subjects meeting these measures had generally higher intakes of fiber, protein, and most micronutrients compared with subjects who failed. Meeting different variants of the carbohydrate metrics was associated with 60% lower odds of pre-hypertensive blood pressure (p = 0.037; p = 0.047), and meeting the dietary fiber RDA was associated with lower waist circumference (p = 0.021).ConclusionAn improvement in carbohydrate quality is warranted among free-living middle-aged and older adults in Singapore. Not all measures of carbohydrate quality were equally effective in preserving overall diet quality; the carbohydrate metrics and dietary fiber RDA can be identified as effective measures in relation to cardiometabolic disease risk.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/Clinical trial registrationNCT03554954, 13 Sept. 2018.
