Shosaikoto increases calprotectin expression in human oral epithelial cells |
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| Authors: | Y. Hiroshima M. Bando M. Kataoka Y. Shinohara M. C. Herzberg K. F. Ross Y. Inagaki T. Nagata J. Kido |
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| Affiliation: | Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan;, Nano-bioanalysis Team, Health Technology Research Center, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Kagawa, Japan;, Division of Gene Expression, Institute for Genome Research, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan;and Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA |
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| Abstract: | Hiroshima Y, Bando M, Kataoka M, Shinohara Y, Herzberg MC, Ross KF, Inagaki Y, Nagata T, Kido J. Shosaikoto increases calprotectin expression in human oral epithelial cells. J Periodont Res 2009; doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0765.2009.01203.x. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S Background and Objective: Oral epithelial cells help to prevent against bacterial infection in the oral cavity by producing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). A broad‐spectrum AMP, calprotectin (a complex of S100A8 and S100A9 proteins), is expressed by oral epithelial cells and is up‐regulated by interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α). Shosaikoto (SST) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine that has immunomodulatory effects and is reported to enhance the levels of IL‐1α in epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of SST on the expression of calprotectin and other AMPs through the regulation of IL‐1α in oral epithelial cells. Material and Methods: Human oral epithelial cells (TR146) were cultured with SST (at concentrations ranging from 10 to 250 μg/mL) in the presence or absence of anti‐IL‐1α or IL‐1 receptor antagonist. The expression of S100A8‐ and S100A9‐specific mRNAs was examined by northern blotting. Calprotectin expression and IL‐1α secretion were investigated by immunofluorescent staining or ELISA. The expression of other AMPs and IL‐1α was analyzed by RT‐PCR and by quantitative real‐time PCR. Results: Shosaikoto (25 μg/mL) significantly increased the expression of S100A8‐ and S100A9‐specific mRNAs and calprotectin protein. Shosaikoto increased S100A7 expression, but had no effect on the expression of other AMPs. The expression of IL‐1α‐specific mRNA and its protein were slightly increased by SST. A neutralizing antibody against IL‐1α or IL‐1 receptor antagonist inhibited SST up‐regulated S100A8/S100A9 mRNA expression. Conclusion: These results suggest that SST increases the expression of calprotectin and S100A7 in oral epithelial cells. In response to SST, up‐regulation of calprotectin may be partially induced via IL‐1α. |
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| Keywords: | Shosaikoto calprotectin antimicrobial peptides epithelial cell |
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