溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌的危险因素及预防

溃疡性结肠炎是一种直肠及结肠的慢性非特异性炎症性疾病,临床以反复发作的腹泻、腹痛和黏液脓血便为特征。溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌是溃疡性结肠炎严重的并发症及重要死亡原因,其危险因素包括病程、病变范围、原发性硬化性胆管炎、结直肠癌家族史、发病年龄及炎症严重程度等。不典型增生是溃疡性结肠炎相关性结直肠癌发生的重要环节,早期发现不典型增生,积极化学预防是预防溃疡性结肠炎癌变的关键。

Risk factors for and prevention of ulcerative colitisassociated colorectal cancer

Ulcerative colitis(UC) is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease of the rectal and colonic mucosa.Repeated diarrhea,abdominal pain,and mucous stool with pus and blood are main clinical features.Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer(UC-CRC) is a serious complication and main reason for death from UC.Risk factors of UC-CRC include an extending duration of UC,primary sclerosing cholangitis,a family history of sporadic colorectal cancer,onset of UC at a young age,and severity of histologic bowel inflammation.Dysplasia is an important step to colorectal cancer in UC patients and regular colonoscopic surveillance and chemoprevention are the key to prevent carcinogenesis.