全民减盐的科学证据与政策建议

大量科学证据显示,降低人群食盐摄入量或使用低钠富钾的代用盐可以降低血压,并进而减少心脑血管病的发生.中国人均食盐量严重超标,高血压患病率逐年升高,心脑血管疾病已成为我国居民的首要致死原因,制定行之有效的全民减盐政策在我国势在必行.本文通过全面回顾相关的科学证据及成本效果分析,借鉴国际减盐的行动与经验,基于我国饮食文化和现有的减盐行动,建议政府应倡导多部门合作的国家减盐专项行动,加强宣教力度,发挥餐饮业的作用,制定加工食品盐含量标准,鼓励低钠盐生产和营销,对特殊人群进行低钠盐价格补贴以及建立和完善监测评估及绩效考核与激励系统.

Scientific evidence and policy recommendations for population-wide salt reduction

Extensive scientific evidence shows that lowering sodium intake or using reduced-sodium and potassium salt substitutes can lower blood pressure levels across a population, and subsequently lower the incidence of cardiovascular disease. In China, salt consumption is extremely high, as a result, hypertension is a rising problem, and cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death. Salt-reduction policy-making has become imperative. This paper reviews relevant scientific evidence, the cost-benefit of salt reduction, building on international experience, food culture in China, and current salt reduction initiatives in China. The paper puts forward plausible policy recommendations for reducing salt intake in China. These recommendations include establishing a national action on salt reduction with multisector collaboration, improving public health education, engaging the efforts of the food and catering industries, setting salt levels standards for processed food, encouraging the manufacture and sales of reduced-sodium potassium containing salt substitutes, providing subsidies for salt substitutes to target populations, and establishing a surveillance and evaluation system.