Cross‐sectional and Longitudinal Relationships between Perceived Stress and C‐reactive Protein in Men and Women |
| |
| Authors: | Celestina Barbosa‐Leiker Virginia Roper Sterling McPherson Ming Lei Bruce Wright Trynke Hoekstra Marylynne Kostick |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. College of Nursing, Washington State University, , Spokane, WA, USA;2. Department of Psychology, Washington State University, , Pullman, WA, USA;3. SUNY Upstate Medical University, , Syracuse, NY, USA;4. Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, , Pullman, WA, USA;5. Health and Wellness Services, Washington State University, , Pullman, WA, USA;6. Department of Health Sciences and the EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University, , Amsterdam, Netherlands;7. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute of Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, , Amsterdam, Netherlands;8. Department of Health Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, , Anchorage, AK, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | To date, an examination of the longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and C‐reactive protein (CRP) is limited. We explored the relationship between perceived stress and CRP concurrently and across 2 and 4 years in 383 men and women. Multiple linear regressions examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between baseline stress and counter‐stress scores with CRP at baseline, 2 years after baseline and 4 years after baseline, while controlling for covariates (age, smoking status, anti‐inflammatory use, oral contraceptive use, physical activity, menopausal status, years since onset of menopause, post‐menopausal hormone use and body mass index). Results indicate that stress and counter‐stress were not related to CRP in either men or women at study baseline or 2 years later. Across a 4‐year time frame, higher stress values were related to higher CRP values in women, but not men. Counter‐stress was not related to CRP values in men or women across the 4 years. This study highlights the importance of examining the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationship between perceived stress and inflammation separately in men and women. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
| |
| Keywords: | C‐reactive protein inflammation perceived stress |
|
|
