抗体的发展过程及临床应用

单克隆抗体已经成为生物技术和制药领域的重要组成部分，目前多用基因工程制备嵌合抗体、人源化抗体、全人抗体。随着制备抗体技术的不断进步，其应用也越来越广泛，特别是抗体药物正迅速发展。近几年出现了许多具有里程碑意义的抗体药物，如程序性死亡受体1（PD-1）抗体、白介素17A（IL-17A）抗体、白介素5（IL-5）抗体、前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌转化酶/可馨型9（PCSK9）抗体等，用于多种疾病的治疗，解决了不少临床难题。在现代医学中，单克隆抗体已经成为有效的治疗手段和诊断工具。本文结合中外文献主要介绍抗体的发展过程、抗体在临床方面的应用及近几年来FDA批准的具有重大意义的抗体药物。

Development process and clinic applications of antibody

Monoclonal antibodies have become an important part of biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry. Currently chimeric antibody, humanized antibody and fully human antibody are generally prepared by genetic engineering. With constant improvement in the antibody preparation technology, the antibody applications are rapidly increasing, especially in the development of antibody medications. In recent years, there have been many significant antibody drugs (such as PD-1 antibody, IL-17 antibody, IL-5 antibody, PCSK9 antibody) for the treatment of various diseases and solved a number of clinical problems. In modern medicine, monoclonal antibodies have become effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools. This article is a brief review of the recent antibody development process, clinic applications and significant antibody drugs approved by FDA.