肾移植术后应用新型免疫抑制剂受者肺部感染的临床研究

目的 探讨肾移植术后应用新型免疫抑制剂受者肺部感染的发病率、发病原因及治疗效果.方法 对我院752例肾移植术后受者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.752例病人中分为3组,应用环孢素A、骁悉、强的松治疗226例为环孢素A组,应用FK506、骁悉、强的松治疗386例为FK506组,应用FK506、雷帕霉素(Rap)、强的松治疗140例为雷帕霉素组;观察3组肺部感染发病率、死亡率的差异,分析肺部感染的原因、诊断和治疗.结果 752例病人中发生肺部感染53例,治愈50例,死亡3例.环孢素A组肺部感染发病率为7.08/226),死亡1例;FK506组发病率为7.25%(28/386),死亡2例;Rap组发病率为6.43%(9/140),无死亡病例.53例病人中混合感染者17例,单纯细菌感染24例,巨细胞病毒感染9例,真菌感染1例,病原菌不明2例;检出的细菌中G(革兰氏阴性)细菌占68.35%.结论 G菌是肾移植术后肺部感染的常见病原菌,术后前6个月是肺部感染的高危时段.环孢素A组、FK506组、雷帕霉索组肺部感染的发生率差异无显著性.肾移植术后重视围手术期呼吸道管理、避免排斥反应发生和生物制剂的应用.是预防肺部感染的主要手段;早发现、早治疗,是减少重症肺炎死亡率提高人肾存活率的关键.＃

Clinical study of pulmonary infection in kidney transplantation recipients taking new immunosuppressant

OBJECTIVE: To explore the etiopathogenesis, therapy and incidence of pulmonary infection in kidney transplantation recipients taking new immunosuppressant. METHODS: The clinical data from 752 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed, who were divided into 3 groups according to the immunosuppressants administered, namely group A (CsA+MMF+Pred, n=226), group B (FK506+MMF+Pred, n=386) and group C (FK506+Rap+Pred, n=140). The incidence and mortality of pulmonary infection were recorded and the analysis of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary infection were carried out in the 3 groups. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients acquired post-transplant pulmonary infection. The incidence of pulmonary infection was 7.08% (16/226) in group A, 7.25% (28/386) in group B and 6.43% (9/140) in group C. One patient died in group A and 2 in group B. Among the 53 patients, 24 had simple bacterial infection, 9 had cytomegalovirus infection, 1 had mycotic infection, 17 had combined infection, and 2 had unidentified pathogen infection. Of the pathogenic bacteria detected, 68.35% were Gram-negative. CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria are most likely responsible for pulmonary infection after kidney transplantation, which most possibly occurs within 6 months after kidney transplantation. Early diagnosis and early treatment are critical for decreasing the mortality of severe pneumonia and for improving the survival rate of the patients and grafts.