江西客家人体质特征

目的 了解江西客家人的体质特征并分析江西客家人在蒙古人种中的分型地位. 方法 采用国际学术界规定方法,在江西赣州调查了337例男性(城市客家人男性为154例,乡村客家人男性为183例)和346例客家人女性(城市女性为150例,乡村女性为196例))成人的86项体质指标,计算了23项体质指数,统计了指数分型比例,与我国族群资料进行了比较,对江西客家人体质特征进行了初步分析. 结果 (1)江西客家人上眼睑有皱褶率低,有蒙古褶率高,眼裂狭窄,眼外角多高于眼内角,鼻根高度多为中等型,直鼻背,鼻基部多上翘,鼻翼高度多为中等,鼻宽值多大于眼内角间宽值,上唇皮肤部高度多为中等,男性红唇薄型率略高于中等型率,女性薄型率最高.江西客家人发黑,皮肤黄色率最高,眼褐色率最高.江西客家人头面部观察指标表现出蒙古人种北方族群的头面部特征.但其鼻翼较宽,又表现出南亚类型的一定体质特点.(2)江西客家人男女性均以圆头型、高头型、中头型、中鼻型率最高.男性以阔面型率最高；女性则以狭面型率最高.江西客家人头面部测量指标值更接近于北方族群,头面部指数值介于南方、北方族群之间.(3)江西客家人城市、乡村的男性与女性身高均属于中等身材.江西客家人男女性均以长躯干型、亚短腿型率最高.男性和城市女性以中胸型率最高,乡村女性以宽胸型率最高.男性与乡村女性中肩型、宽肩型率均较高.男性以中骨盆型率最高. 结论 聚类分析显示,客家人既具有北方族群体质特征,又具有南方族群体质特征.

A study on the physical characteristics of Hakka in Jiangxi

P>Objective To find the physical characteristics and Mongoloid type position of Hakka in Jiangxi province. Methods Investigation was undertaken in accordance with the international academic methods.Eighty-six physical characteristics of 337 males (154 urban adults and 183 rural adults)and 346 females (150 urban adults and 196 rural adults) of Hakka were investigated in Ganzhou county of Jiangxi province. Twenty-three physical indices were calculated and the distributions of them were analyzed accordingly. The physical characteristics of Hakka of Jiangxi were preliminarily analyzed. Results (1) The percentages of eyefold of upper eyelid of Hakka were lower than others.The percentages of Mongoloid fold were higher. Opening height of eyeslits was narrow. External angles were higher than internal angles in direction of eyeslits. The nasal root height was of middle-type, the nasal profile was straight and the nasal base was upturned. The height of alae nasi was of middle-type. The breadth of alae nasi was of wide-type. The upper lip skin height was of middle-type. Thin lips were slightly higher than medium type in males. Thickness of lips was mainly thin in females. Hair color was black and skin color was yellow. The eye color was brown. The indices of head and face observation of Jiangxi Hakka showed the characteristics of head and face in the ethnic groups North Asian type of Mongoloid, but the nose was wider. It also showed some physical characteristics of the ethnic groups South Asian type of Mongoloid.(2)Typical physical characteristics of Jiangxi Hakka belonged to brachycephaly, hypsicephalic type, metriocephalic type and mesorrhiny. Males were of euryprosopy, but females were of leptoprosopy. Jiangxi Hakka anthropometry indices of head and face were relatively close to the North of China type ethnic groups, but the indices of head and face were between the North of China ethnic group type and the South of China ethnic group type of Mongoloid. (3) Typical physical characteristics of Jiangxi Hakka were middle-sized stature, long trunk and subbrachyskelic type. In addition, males and urban females had middle chest circumference, but rural females had broad chest circumference. Males and rural females had medium shoulder breadth and broad shoulder breadth. Males were of a medium distance between iliac crests. Conclusion The results of cluster analysis show that the physical characteristics of Hakka are between the ethnic group types of the North and the South of China of Mongoloid./P>