克拉玛依市658例中小学生视力低下情况与相关因素研究

目的分析中小学生视力低下情况，探讨近视与铜、锌、钙、镁、铁等5种元素的关系，为防止中小学生视力低下的发生和发展提供依据。方法2010年12月至2013年6月，采用标准视力表，对克拉玛依地区在校的中小学生共658例于非散瞳情况下进行双眼视力检查。视力低于1．0为视力下降。同时测定血清中铜、锌、钙、镁、铁等5种元素含量，并分析其与视力低下的关系。结果女生视力低下发生率较男生高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=7．293，P=0．007）；中学生视力低下发生率较小学生高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=6．255，P=0．012）；维吾尔族学生视力低下发生率为10．22％，汉族为41．16％，维吾尔族与汉族学生视力低下发生率差异有统计学意义（χ2=169．900，P=0．000）；血清中铜元素含量，视力低下组高于正常组（t=2．34，P=0．0195），锌、铁含量低于正常组（t=32．06，18．06；均P=0．001）。结论应对中学生加强视力保护健康教育，大力宣传保护视力的有效方法及科学用眼的方法。同时要注意饮食结构，保持铜、锌、铁三种微量元素在人体内的平衡。

Low vision of 658 schoolchildren in Karamay and related factors analysis

Objective To understand the low vision and discuss the relationship between low vision and five trace elements such as Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe, aiming to provide basis for preventing the occurrence and development of low vision among schoolchildren. Methods Standard visual acuity chart was used to check the binocular vision of 658 schoolchildren without mydriasis in Karamay from December 2010 to June 2013. Vision lower than 1.0 was considered as low vision. The serum content of trace elements, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe was measured to analyze their relationship with low vision. Results The incidence rate of low vision in girls was higher than in boys, and the difference was significant （χ2 = 7. 293 ,P = 0. 007）. Compared with primary school children, middle school children had higher incidence rate of low vision（ χ2 = 6. 255, P = 0. 012）. The incidence rate of low vision in Uighur children and in Han children was 10.22% and 41.16%, respectively, and the difference was significant（χ2 = 169. 900, P = 0. 000）. The content of Cu was higher in group with low vision （t =2.34,P =0. 0195） but the content of Zn and Fe was lower when compared to normal group （t value was 32.06 and 18.06, respectively, both P = 0.001 ）. Conclusion Health education on eyesight protection should be strengthened among middle school students, and effective and scientific methods for protecting vision need to be promoted. Meanwhile, rational dietary is encouraged to keep the content balance of Cu, Zn and Fe.