深圳6～36月龄儿童营养状况与微营养素摄入情况分析

目的了解深圳6～36月龄儿童体格发育、营养状况、微营养素摄入情况，分析两者之间的关系。方法2012年3月至9月，采用首都儿科研究所制定的24小时膳食调查问卷询问318名主要养育人关于儿童过去24小时的膳食情况，同时测定儿童体重、身长，未梢血血红蛋白和微量元素锌、铜、镁、钙、铁。结果儿童轻度低体重发生率为5．97％，生长迟缓发生率为1．89％，超重发生率为14．47％，肥胖发生率为5．35％。轻度贫血发生率16．04％，1例中度贫血。锌缺乏发生率为78．1％，铁缺乏发生率为13．5％，铜、钙和镁未见异常。锌、血红蛋白量随年龄增长而增高，差异有统计学意义（F=9．938、28．543，均P〈0．05）。6～12月龄组缺锌和贫血发生率较其他年龄组高，差异有统计学意义（χ2=10．680、28．166，均P〈0．05）。膳食矿物质锌、铁摄入量明显低于推荐摄入量或适宜摄入量；添加辅食的月龄大（OR=1．384，P=0．003）、摄入的零食种类多（OR=1．749，P=0．046）为缺锌的危险因素。身高为中上及以上的儿童，膳食维生素c、钙、母乳摄入量较身高低于中上的儿童多，差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2．10、1．90、2．04，均P〈0．05）。结论深圳6～36月龄儿童的轻度贫血、锌缺乏症、肥胖和超重问题较多。坚持母乳喂养，及时添加辅食，注重营养均衡，特别是合理摄入微营养素，有利于预防营养性疾病，促进生长发育。

Analysis of nutritional status and micronutrient intake among infants aged 6-36 months in Shenzhen

Objective To study the physical development, nutritional status and the micronutrients intake of infants aged 6-36 months in Shenzhen, and to analyze the relationship among them. Methods From March to September 2012 318 caregivers were investigated on infants＇ dietary during the past 24 hours with 24 hour dietary questionnaire designed by Capital Children Institute. Meanwhile, weight, height, hemoglobin and trace elements including zinc, copper, magnesium, calcium and iron in peripheral blood of infants were measured. Results The prevalence of mild underweight, growth retardation, overweight and obesity was 5.97% , 1.89% , 14.47% and 5.35% , respectively. The prevalence of mild anemia was 16.04% , and moderate anemia was found in one case. The prevalence of zinc deficiency and iron deficiency was 78.1% and 13.5 % , respectively, and the trace elements of copper, calcium and magnesium were in normal level. Blood zinc and hemoglobin levels increased with age （ F value was 9. 938 and 28. 543, respectively, both P 〈0.05 ） , and the incidence of zinc deficiency and anemia in infants aged 6-12 months was higher （χ2 value was 10. 680 and 28. 166, respectively, both P 〈 0.05 ）. Dietary intake of zinc and iron was lower than the recommended intakes （RNIs） or adequate intakes （AIs）. No timely complementary feeding （ OR = 1. 384 ,P = 0. 003 ） and more snacks intake（ OR = 1. 749 ,P = 0. 046 ） were risk factors of zinc deficiency. Infants with higher stature had significantly more intake of ascorbic acid, calcium and breast milk （ t value was 2.10, 1.90 and 2.04, respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion There are more nutritional problems such as mild anemia, zinc deficiency, obesity and overweight among infants aged 6-36 months in Shenzhen. Insisting on breastfeeding, timely complementary feeding, keeping nutritional balance and reasonable mieronutrient intake can prevent nutritional diseases and promote growth and development.