下呼吸道感染病原菌监测和抗菌药物使用状况调查分析

目的探讨医院获得性下呼吸道感染患者的病原菌分布及抗菌药物应用情况。方法分析367例医院获得性下呼吸道感染患者的痰细菌培养及药敏试验结果。结果①共分离出413株病原菌,其中革兰氏阴性杆菌298株,革兰氏阳性球菌81株,真菌34株。②不同病原菌药敏试验结果差异较大。③药物利用指数（DUI）〉1的抗菌药物有阿米卡星、头孢吡肟、克林霉素、庆大霉素等。结论医院获得性下呼吸道感染最主要的病原菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,应根据药敏试验结果合理选择抗菌药物。

Analysis of pathogen monitoring and use of antibacterial drugs in patients with lower respiratory tract infections

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogens and use of antibacterial drugs in patients with hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. Methods The results of sputum culture and sensitivity test of 367 patients with hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections were analyzed retrospectively. Results ① 413 strains of bacteria were isolated, including 298 strains of gram- negative bacilli, 81 strains of gram-positive cocci and 34 strains of fungi. ② There were obvious differences of drug sensitivity test results among different pathogens. ③ The antibacterial drugs which had drug utilization index （DUI） more than 1 were Amikacin, Cefepime, Clindamycin and gentamicin. Conclusion The main pathogens of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections are gram-negative bacilli, so it should select the antibacterial drugs reasonably according to the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test.