Kombinationsverletzungen der Orbita. Diagnostik und Indikation für operatives Vorgehen

Summary Disturbances of the ocular motility following bone fractures of the orbit are frequently due to combined causes. They are sometimes caused not by or not only by fracture dislocation of the orbital floor but also by damage to the ocular muscles and their nerves. In such a case the consequences of a compression trauma at the apex of the orbit play an important part. In addition to preoperative x-rays and endoscopy of maxillary sinus it is therefore necessary to carry out an exact analysis of the respective disturbances of ocular motility. This is possible by the synoptometer of Cüppers. The possibility of an exact examination of orbital trauma according to this method is shown in cases of combined orbital injuries and also how a primary neuro-muscular damage can simulate an orbital fracture.