中、重症呼吸道合胞病毒感染BALB／c小鼠模型的实验研究

目的建立呼吸道合胞病毒（respiratory syncytial virus，RSV）感染的中、重症小鼠模型．方法采用RSV原液（TCID50为10～4．2／100μL）及100TCID50RSV液滴鼻感染BALB／c小鼠，于感染后第3、5、7、9d处死小鼠，进行病毒分离、病理光镜及电镜检查．结果（1）RSV原液组（实验Ⅰ组）的病毒分离阳性率明显高于100TCID50RSV液组（实验Ⅱ组），二者差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；（2）光镜下实验Ⅰ组肺泡壁明显增厚，毛细血管扩张充血，有较多的淋巴细胞浸润，以Ⅲ级炎症为主；实验Ⅱ组病变较实验Ⅰ组减轻，Ⅲ级炎症面积及炎性细胞浸润支气管百分数少于实验Ⅰ组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；病变以第5天最重，第7天以后开始减轻；（3）电镜下实验Ⅰ组可见肺泡Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型上皮细胞及毛细血管内皮细胞肿胀，肺泡隔水肿，淋巴细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞浸润；实验Ⅱ组病变轻于实验Ⅰ组．结论用RSV原液可以成功地建立中、重症的RSV感染的动物模型．

The Establishment of the Moderate and Severe BALB/c Mouse Model of RS Virus Infection

Objective To establish the moderate and severe mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） infection. Methods BALB/c mice were infected by RSV stock solution （TCID50, 10-4.2/100 μL） and 100TCID50RSV dropping in nasal cavity. After 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the mice were killed, then viral isolation, light and electron microscope examination were performed respectively. Results （1） The positive rate of viral isolation in the RSV stock solution group （experimental group Ⅰ） was obviously higher than that in the 100TCID50RSV group （experimental group Ⅱ ） with significant statistic difference between them （P 〈 0.01 ）. （2） The light microscope, alveolar wall thickened significantly and capillary engorged with more lymphocytic infiltration in experimental group Ⅰ , and the third grade inflammation was dominating. While in experimental group Ⅱ , response was more palliative than that in experimental group Ⅰ . And the area of the third grade inflammation and the percentage of inflammatory cell infiltrate bronchus were less than those in experimental group Ⅰ with significant statistics difference （P 〈 0.05）. Affection was the most serious in the fifth day and it began to relieve after the seventh day. （3） The electron microscope, type Ⅰ , Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell and capillary endothelium cell were swelling, interalveolar septum was edema and lymphocytic, monocyte and eosinophile granulocyte infiltration were seen in experimental group Ⅰ . The affection in experimental group Ⅱ was more palliative than that in experimental group Ⅰ . Conolusion The moderate and severe mouse model of RS virus infection can be constructed successfully by RSV stock solution.