南充地区肾综合征出血热宿主动物及其生态学的调查研究

肾综合征出血热(HFRS)是一种自然疫源性疾病,四川南充是高发区之一。为了探索肾综合征出血热宿主动物生态,我们于1987年6月至1988年5月在南充进行了研究。本研究共捕鼠7种1677只,其总密度为12.15％(1677/13798)。其中野外捕获781只,密度为15.62％;室外362只,密度为9.95％;室内534只,密度为10.35％。野外以四川短尾鼩和黑线姬鼠为优势种,分别占66.91％和26.50％;室内以褐家鼠为优势种占77.15％。用间接免疫荧光技术检查1477只,有5种鼠携带HFRS病毒,42只鼠带毒,带毒率为2.84％。以黑线姬鼠带毒率为最高6.76％;次为褐家鼠2.42％;四川短尾鼩为1.76％。由此可见该流行区主要宿主动物为黑线姬鼠,褐家鼠和四川短尾鼩。这些鼠种的带毒在自然界中起到储存病原体的重要作用。因此,控制疫区的鼠害对减弱HFRS病毒的传播极为重要。

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE ECOLOGY OF ANIMAL HOSTS FOR HFRS VIRUS

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an important zoonotic disease in Nanchong prefecture, Sichuan province, one of the major epidemic areas in China. In order to clarify the transmission of the agent of HFRS, studies on the ecology of natural hosts were carried out there from June, 1987 to May, 1988.A total number of 13798 snap-traps had been set and 1677 rodents of 7 species were captured in the endemic areas. The total rat density was found to be 12.15%, with 15.62% in fields, 9.95% outdoors and 10.35% indoors. It was found that A. squamipes and A. agrarius were predominant in fields, reaching 66.91% and 26.50% of the captured respectively, while R. norvegicus were predominant indoors, reaching 77.15% of the captured.Virus antigen assays were carried out by means of IFAT in lung tissue of 1477 rodents and 42 of 5 species were positive, with a total carryingrate of 2.84%. A. agrarius had the highest carrying-rate of 6.76%, while R. norvegicus had 2.42% and A.squamipes 1.76%.The results showed that A. agrarius, R. norvegicus and A. squamipes were main reservoirs and the ecologic relations between different species of rodents played an important role in the transmission of HFRS. Measures should be adopted to control animal hosts in the effort to reduce the transmission of HFRS especially in epidemic areas.