血液透析患者股静脉置管感染调查与干预效果分析

目的探讨血液透析患者股静脉置管感染的危险因素，寻找预防和控制股静脉置管感染的有效方法。方法对血液透析股静脉置管患者相关资料进行回顾性调查，分析股静脉置管患者感染危险因素，并采取干预措施，前瞻性观察感染控制效果。结果采取控制措施后，血液透析患者股静脉置管感染率从2010年的8．8％下降至2011年的2．9％。结论股静脉置管时间超过3周，局部护理不当、置管处被污染，患者常去公共场所，合并糖尿病，换药时间间隔过长，无菌技术不严格（患者自行换药）是血液透析患者股静脉置管感染的危险因素。严格无菌技术操作、重视留置导管的观察、正确进行导管的护理、尽量缩短导管留置时间、加强对患者的宣教是控制股静脉置管感染的有效措施。

Investigation and analysis on intervention effects of thigh venous catheterization infection to patients of hemodialysis

Objective To explore the dangerous factors of thigh venous catheterization infection to patients of hemodialysis, and seek the effective methods to prevent and control femoral venepuncture infection. Methods A retrospective survey was carried out to investigate the data of patients of hemodialysis suffering thigh venous catheterization infection, and to analyze the risk factors of thigh venous catheterization infection. Then we took intervention measures to make prospective observation to the effects of infection controls.Results After taking measures, rates of infections declined from 8.8% in 2010 to 2.9% in 2011, Conclusions Risk factors of thigh venous catheterization infection are as below： long-time （ 〉 3 weeks） of femoral venepuncture, cathete~ are polluted by wrongful deal~ patients often go to public place~ diabetes mellitus complicatiort too long time intervals of medicine dressing change ; non-rigorous aseptic technique （self dressing change by patients）. Effective measures of controlling thigh venous catheterization infection are as below： rigorous aseptic technique; emphasizing indwelling catheters and observing; proper catheters nursing; shortening time for catheters indwelling strengthening propaganda and education to patients.