Rectal cancer staging |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Blalock 688, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;2. Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, 600 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;1. Faculty of Nursing, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia;2. School of Health in Social Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom;3. School of Social and Political Science, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom;1. Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK;2. School of Health and Social Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK;3. Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;4. Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK;5. Older Person’s Unit, Royal United Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bath, Combe Park, Bath, UK;6. Tyntesfield Medical Group, Bristol, UK;7. Nephrology Department, Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK;8. Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;9. Oxford Kidney Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK |
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| Abstract: | Recommendations for the management of rectal cancer have been incredibly dynamic over the last several decades and accurate staging is required to make informed decisions and guide patient discussions. A complete staging evaluation should include a physical examination, complete colonoscopy, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, and imaging to include a CT chest, MRI of the pelvis, and either a CT or MRI of the abdomen. Assessment of the circumferential resection margin with a rectal cancer protocol MRI is the cornerstone of this staging workup. Accurate staging is of paramount importance when considering treatment options for this complex disease. |
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