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Chemokine receptors in HIV-1 and SIV infection
Authors:Hyeryun Choe
Institution:(1) Division of Tumor Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, 02115 Boston, MA, U.S.A.
Abstract:Seven transmembrane segment (7TMS) receptors for chemokines and related molecules have been demonstrated to be essential, in addition to CD4, for HIV and SIV infection. The β-chemokine receptor CCR5 is the primary, perhaps sole, coreceptor for HIV-1 during the early and chronic phases of infection, and supports infection by most primary HIV-1 and many SIV isolates. Late-stage primary and laboratory-adapted HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV isolates can use other 7TMS receptors. CXCR4 appears especially important in late-stage HIV infection; several related receptors can also be used. The specificity of SIV viruses is similar. Commonalities among these receptors, combined with analyses of mutated molecules, indicate that discrete, conformationally-dependent sites on the chemokine receptors determine their association with the third variable and conserved regions of viral envelope glycoproteins. These studies are useful for elucidating the mechanism and molecular determinants of HIV-1 entry, and of inhibitors to that entry.
Keywords:Chemokine  Receptor  HIV  SIV  CCR5  Transmembrane segment  CXCR4
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