Evaluation of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis in Critically Ill Patients: Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study |
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| Authors: | Adam Kuchnia MSc RD Carrie Earthman PhD RD Levi Teigen RD Abigail Cole PhD Marina Mourtzakis PhD Michael Paris Willem Looijaard MD Peter Weijs PhD Heleen Oudemans‐van Straaten PhD Gregory Beilman MD Andrew Day MSc Roger Leung MSc Charlene Compher PhD RD Rupinder Dhaliwal RD Sarah Peterson RD Hannah Roosevelt RD Daren K Heyland MD MSc |
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| Institution: | 1. Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA;2. Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;3. Department of Intensive Care Medicine, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands;4. Division of Critical Care/Acute Care Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA;5. Clinical Evaluation Research Unit, Kingston General Hospital and Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada;6. School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA;7. Food and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA |
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| Abstract: | Background: In critically ill patients, muscle loss is associated with adverse outcomes. Raw bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameters (eg, phase angle PA] and impedance ratio IR]) have received attention as potential markers of muscularity, nutrition status, and clinical outcomes. Our objective was to test whether PA and IR could be used to assess low muscularity and predict clinical outcomes. Methods: Patients (≥18 years) having an abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and admitted to intensive care underwent multifrequency BIA within 72 hours of scan. CT scans were landmarked at the third lumbar vertebra and analyzed for skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA). CSA ≤170 cm2 for males and ≤110 cm2 for females defined low muscularity. The relationship between PA (and IR) and CT muscle CSA was evaluated using multivariate regression and included adjustments for age, sex, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and admission type. PA and IR were also evaluated for predicting discharge status using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry–derived cut‐points for low fat‐free mass index. Results: Of 171 potentially eligible patients, 71 had BIA and CT scans within 72 hours. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (c‐index) curve to predict CT‐defined low muscularity was 0.67 (P ≤ .05) for both PA and IR. With covariates added to logistic regression models, PA and IR c‐indexes were 0.78 and 0.76 (P < .05), respectively. Low PA and high IR predicted time to live ICU discharge. Conclusion: Our study highlights the potential utility of PA and IR as markers to identify patients with low muscularity who may benefit from early and rigorous intervention. |
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| Keywords: | body composition research and diseases critical care adult life cycle bioimpedance phase angle impedance ratio |
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