三七体细胞胚发生及植株再生过程中主要皂苷成分的累积

目的 分析以栽培三七Panax notoginseng根为外植体诱导体细胞胚发生及植株再生过程中总皂苷及3种人参皂苷（人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁）的累积规律。方法 采用分光光度法分析体细胞胚发生发育过程中不同时期的总皂苷累积量；采用高效液相色谱法测定3种人参皂苷（人参皂苷Rg₁、Re、Rb₁）的累积量。结果 体胚苗中的总皂苷质量分数最高，为7.79 %，占栽培三七根（8.61%）的90.48%，质量分数最低的为胚性愈伤组织，为2.47%。因材料的比生长速率存在差异，总皂苷累积效率的顺序为体胚苗＞前期体胚＞后期体胚＞胚性愈伤。对3种人参皂苷单体物质的分析显示：后期体胚中3种人参皂苷的量总和最大，为7.05 mg/g，胚性愈伤组织的最低，为2.78 mg/g；人参皂苷Rg₁在前期体胚时质量分数达到最高，为2.24 mg/g；人参皂苷Rb₁在后期体胚中的质量分数达到最高，为4.03 mg/g；人参皂苷Re在胚性愈伤组织中的量最高，为1.21 mg/g。3种人参皂苷的总累积效率在前期体胚中达到最大，为5.022 5 mg/(g·周)，在体胚苗中最低，为1.947 4 mg/(g·周)。结论 总皂苷质量分数及累计效率均在体胚苗中达到最大值；3种人参皂苷总量及总累计效率分别在后期体胚和前期体胚中达到最大值。

Accumulation of main ginsenoside components in somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration of Panax notoginseng

Objective To investigate the accumulation of total saponins and ginsenosides (Rg₁, Re, and Rb₁) during somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration in Panax notoginseng. Methods The dynamic accumulation of the total saponins and three components of ginsenosides (Rg₁, Re, and Rb₁) was analyzed by visible spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography methods, respectively. Results The content of total saponins increased from the minimum at embryogenic callus (2.47%) to the maximum at plantlets (7.79%) during somatic embryogenesis development. Because the different specific growth rate of different materials, total saponins accumulation efficiency sort order: plantlets > earlier embryos > later embryos > embryogenic callus. We also found that the total content of the three ginsenosides (Rg₁, Re, and Rb₁) reached the maximum (7.05 mg/g) in the later embryos, and the minimum (2.78 mg/g) was in the embryogenic callus. The contents of ginsenosides Rg₁ and Rb₁ reached their maximum (2.24 and 4.03 mg/g) respectively in the earlier and later embryos, and the maximum (1.21 mg/g) of ginsenoside Re content was in embryogenic callus. The accumulation (1.947 4 mg/g) of the three ginsenosides minimum occurred in plantlets, and the maximum (5.022 5 mg/g) reached in earlier embryos. Conclusion Both total saponin contents and accumulation efficiency reach the maximum in plantlets. Three ginsenoside contents and accumulation reach the maximum in later and earlier embryos, respectively.