部队营区蚤类种群和宿主调查及灭蚤效果观察

目的摸清部队营区蚤类及其宿主的种群和地理分布，评价蚤防治效果。方法选择18个营区及其周围作为调查点，收集啮齿动物及体表蚤，并对蚤和宿主进行分类鉴定；使用20％高效氯氰菊酯＋残杀威乳油连续2次施药。结果18个营区共捕获啮齿动物675只，分为2目5科11种，其中啮齿目分为3科5属9种；自兽体表获蚤882只，染蚤率为45．63％，蚤指数为1．31。以背纹仓鼠的染蚤率（59．65％）最高，蚤指数以大仓鼠（2．44）最高，带蚤种类以褐家鼠（7种）最多；共获蚤932只，经鉴定分为11属13种，人蚤、印鼠客蚤、不等单蚤和二齿新蚤各调查点均有分布，二齿新蚤（36．37％）为营区优势蚤种；3个营区观察点灭蚤前阳性指数为0．21，灭后降至0．004，平均灭蚤率为97．96％。结论部队营区及其周围蚤类宿主呈多样性分布，蚤种群较单一，结合营区综合治理和鼠类防治开展药物灭蚤效果显著，可在蚤危害的营区推广应用。

Investigation of flea populations and its hosts and evaluation of control effects in military camp

Objective To understand flea populations, its hosts species, the dominant species and geographical distribution, evaluation for flea control efficiency in military camp and surrounding areas. Methods Collecting rodent and flea of which being on its body surface. All flea were made into specimens with Hoyer＇ s fluid and then identified under microscope. Flea were identified by outline form. Using composite-formulated cream of 20% beta-cypermetbrin and arprocarb spraying the fleacide twice with each 45 - 60 mg ai/m2. Results 675 hosts were captured of which belonged to Rodentia and Insectivora in 18 military camps. Rodentia was identified 3 section,5 genus and 9 species. 882 fleas were collected from host＇ s body surface. The rodents with total infested rated and infested indices by fleas were 45.63% and I. 31 respectively. Cricetulus barabensis with higher infested rates was 59.65% , Cricetulus triton with higher infested indices by fleas was 2.44 and Rattus norvegicus with higher rate-phore fleas species was 7. Totally 932 fleas were collected of which belonged to 11 genus and 13 species. Pulex irritans ,Xenopsylla cheopis,Monopsyllus anisus and Neopsylla bidentatiformis were found in every military camp or surrounding areas. Neopsylla bidentatiformis （ 36.37% ） was dominant species. The flea positive index was reduced from previous 0.21 to flea-killed 0.004 and average flea-killed ratio was 97.96% in 3 camp observation points. Conclusion Flea host shows itself variety but flea populations less in unit camp and surrounding areas. Control efficiency of drug flea-killed gets satisfied results to- gether with camp comprehensive control and efficiency exterminating rodent and this method should popularized in similar camp.