The Rate of Organ and Tissue Donation After Brain Death: Causes of Donation Failure in a Romanian University City

Aim

To evaluate the rate of organ donation after brain death in 2 tertiary care medical centers of a Romanian city, the reasons for donation exclusion (donors or organs), and identification of potential strategies for improvement.

Material and Methods

The study retrospectively evaluated potential organ donors with brain death (BD) who were identified between January 2006 and June 2009 in an university city of Romania. The potential donors were considered patients with severe intracranial pathology and clinical signs of brain death who were reported to the regional transplant team. The BD declaration was completed according to the Law of Transplant Procurement and Management in Romania: clinical signs of brain stem death, apnea test, and flat EEG, criteria that must be fulfilled twice at a 6 hour interval. According to Romanian law, family consent is mandatory for organ harvesting.

Results

The study included 35 potential donors, of whom 22 had a declaration of BD. Failure of potential donors to be declared BD was caused by positive viral serology (n = 7), improvement in clinical status (n = 2), sudden cardiac arrest (n = 2), and refusal of physician in charge (n = 2). Among the 22 with a BD declaration, organ harvesting was performed in only 12 cases due to family refusal (n = 10). In 4 cases the planned organ harvesting was aborted owing to unexpected intraoperative findings.

Discussion

Factors that generate the low rate of organ procurement include local organizational particularities, a high rate of viral infections, poor education, (both of lay persons and of medical personnel), restrictive criteria for BD declaration and the mandatory need for family approval.

Conclusion

The rate of donation in this university city of Romania is still low. Several strategies have been identified to improve the rate: better identification of potential donors, better management, and education of the public and of health care personnel.