Gain in cellular organization of inflammatory breast cancer: A 3D in vitro model that mimics the in vivo metastasis |
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Authors: | Jorge Morales and Mary L Alpaugh |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Biology, City University of New York, The City College of New York 138th and Convent Avenue, 10031 New York, NY, USA |
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Abstract: | Background The initial step of metastasis in carcinomas, often referred to as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), occurs via the loss of adherens junctions (e.g. cadherins) by the tumor embolus. This leads to a subsequent loss of cell polarity and cellular differentiation and organization, enabling cells of the embolus to become motile and invasive. However highly malignant inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) over-expresses E-cadherin. The human xenograft model of IBC (MARY-X), like IBC, displays the signature phenotype of an exaggerated degree of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in situ by tumor emboli. An intact E-cadherin/α, β-catenin axis mediates the tight, compact clump of cells found both in vitro and in vivo as spheroids and tumor emboli, respectively. |
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