沈阳军区108例飞行人员鼻部检查临床研究

目的探讨飞行人员鼻部体检的相关方法,以早期发现并干预鼻部疾病或与疾病相关的解剖变异,提高体检质量和效能。方法选择2013年1月至2015年12月在解放军第四六三医院进行住院或体检的108例飞行人员,应用前鼻镜、电子内镜及鼻窦CT三种方法进行鼻部检查,并对三种检查方法的结果进行比较分析。结果 108例飞行人员中,解剖总变异率为100.0%(108/108),其中窦口鼻道复合体(OMC)处解剖变异的发生率为89.0%(96/108),鼻部疾病发生率为19.4%(21/108)。前鼻镜只能发现部分鼻中隔偏曲(不包括后端偏曲)和肥厚性鼻炎(不含骨质增生),电子内镜可以发现更多的微小或深在的解剖变异或病变。鼻窦CT检查可以确定所有的骨性解剖畸形,但不足之处在于对炎症或软组织病变无法做到确诊。结论飞行人员中存在常规检查无法发现的鼻部解剖变异或病变,对飞行会有潜在影响。鼻部的三种检查手段各有优势和不足,应根据情况合理选择,以提高飞人行员鼻部体检的准确性和效能。

Clinical study of 108 Shenyang military area pilots received the nasal examinations

Objective To explore the methods of nasal examination to find the nasal anatomy abnormality or diseases early in the pi-lots,and to improve the quality of ENT examination. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 108 cases of pilots in No. 463 Hospital of PLA from January 2013 to December 2015. Pilots were examined by anterior rhinoscope,electronic endoscope,CT scanning of nasal cavitity and paranasal sinuses. The observation of the anatomy abnormality and diseases were compared using different meth-ods. Results A total of 108 pilots,the general incidence of the nasal anatomy abnormality and diseases were 89. 0% and 19. 4%,re-spectively. By anterior rhinoscope,there was only a part of deviation of nasal septum and hypertrophic rhinitis. By electronic endo-scope,CT scanning of nasal cavitity and paranasal sinuses,there were more nasal anatomy abnormalities and diseases such as uncinate process,frontal cells,and so on. Conclusion There is a high prevalence rate of the nasal anatomy abnormality and diseases,and will be potential influences to the pilots. There are individual advantage and disadvantage among three methods in displaying the nasal anat-omy abnormality and diseases. Therefore,they should be selected to improve the quality of ENT examination in pilots.