青岛市胶南中老年人听力损失及相关因素分析

目的分析青岛市胶南某社区中老年人听力损失的分布特征，探讨相关因素对听力损失的影响，为中老年人听力损失的防治提供理论基础。方法以青岛市胶南某社区中老年人为研究对象，问卷调查其一般情况，实验室检测其血糖、血脂等生化指标，纯音听力计测量其左右耳0．5、1．0、2．0、4．0kHz4个听阈的纯音气导听力。采用SPSS18．0软件包进行单因素和多因素分析。结果听力状况在不同年龄、性别、婚姻状况、文化程度、收入状况、吸烟、饮酒情况组间均有显著差异（F=3．90～71．75，t=3．69～14．46，P〈0．05）；听力状况在不同血糖、胆固醇和三酰甘油组间差异均无显著性。多因素分析显示，男性、高龄、高糖血症、饮酒是听力损失的危险冈素。结论男性、高龄、高糖血症、饮酒与听力损失呈正相关，高文化程度与听力损失呈负相关。中老年人应采取积极有效的措施，养成良好的生活习惯，预防老年性聋的发生。

ANALYSES ON HEARING LOSS AND ITS RELATED FACTORS IN MIDDLE-AND OLD-AGED PERSONS IN JIAONAN OF QINGDAO

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of hearing loss in middle-and old aged persons in a con, munity in Jiaonan of Qingdao, and explore its related factors, so as to provide a rationale for the prevention and tretment of this condition. Methods A questionnaire survey was carried out in middle-and old aged people in a certain community in Jiaonan, their general state of health was investigated; laboratory test was done for their blood sugar, and blood fat, and so on; pure tone audiometer was used to measure the four pure tone hearing threshold of air conduction hearing auditory of their left and-right ears of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kHz. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted by employing SPSS 18.0 package. Results The hearing status of the individuals investigated showed significant differences among them in terms of age, sex, marital status, educa- tional background, income, smoking, and alcohol-drinking （F=3.90-71.75;t=-3.69-14.46 ; P〈0.05 ） ; but not significanl differences were noted among them in terms of blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that male, old age, high blood sugar and drinking were risk factors contributing to hearing loss. Conclusion Male, old age, high blood sugar and drinking are positively correlated with hearing loss, and well-educated is negatively correlated with the condition. For this age group individuals, an active and effective measures should be taken and favourabie living habit be formed to prevent from the occurrence of senile deafness.