无锡市乙型肝炎防制和成人免疫策略研究

目的阐述无锡市乙型肝炎发病特点,开展成人乙肝免疫策略研究。方法收集无锡市19年乙型肝炎年发病率和新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率,用横断面整群抽样的方法选择城区二个调查点、部分幼儿园和中小学校学生,开展入户问卷调查,采集空腹血样,用ELISA方法检测乙肝抗-HBs。结果19年乙肝发病率下降趋势明显,新生儿乙肝疫苗接种率保持在98%以上,20岁以上年龄组人群乙肝疫苗接种率经标化后为20.20%,2007年全人群标化后的乙肝抗-HBs阳性率为46.00%,其中15岁年龄组乙肝抗-HBs阳性率为30.77%,乙肝发病率以20～40岁年龄组为高峰。结论无锡市乙肝防制工作成效显著,但成人发病率仍较高,成人乙肝疫苗接种率低,全人群乙肝免疫水平低,对15岁以下儿童补种乙肝疫苗和成人开展乙肝免疫策略研究意义重大。

Study on strategy for hepatitis B controlling and preventing and adult immunization in Wuxi

Objective To illustrate epidemic characteristic of hepatitis B and carry out research for strategy of adult immunization in Wuxi.Methods The data of incidence of hepatitis B and immune rate for neonates were collected in 19 years in Wuxi.The two survey spots were selected with method of cross-section random sampling.The questionnaire survey for these selected students was carried out from door to door.The blood samples were collected and tested for anti-HBs of hepatitis B by means of ELISA.Results The descending trend of the incidence rate of hepatitis B is showed obviously in 19 years.The coverage rate of the hepatitis B vaccine in newborn children maintains above 98%.The standardized coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine is 20.20% in the population above 20 age in 2007.The standardized positive rate of the anti-HBs is 46.0% in total population.The positive rate of the anti-HBs is 30.77% in 15 aged group,and the peak incidence rate of hepatitis B is among the 20-40 age group.Conclusions The prevention and control of hepatitis B in Wuxi is effective.However,the incidence rate is comparatively high among adults while the coverage rate of the hepatitis B vaccine is comparatively low.The immunization of hepatitis B virus is not satisfactory in total population.It is very importance to carry out the research for strategy of a complementary vaccine for children under 15 and the adult immunization.