维持性血液透析患者营养状况分析

目的 分析维持性血液透析患者营养状况及发生营养不良的危险因素，为营养干预提供依据。方法 对98例患者进行3d内的24h膳食调查及改良定量主观营养评估(MQSGA),并进行必要的人体学测量及生化指标的测定。结果 膳食调查结果显示,实际标准体质量每日能量摄入量(DEI)为(117.15±5.98)kJ/(kg·d)、每日蛋白质摄入量(DPI)为(1.02±0.42)g/(kg·d)，优质蛋白质的摄入量为(19.8±12.9)g/d。患者的DPI、DEI及优质蛋白质的摄入量均低于推荐标准。营养评估结果显示营养不良患者比例占48.9%。透析充分患者较透析不充分患者营养不良发生率低，组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。60岁及以上老年患者营养不良发生率明显高于60岁以下患者(P<0.05)。结论 维持性血液透析患者营养不良发生比例较高，主要与透析不充分、蛋白质及能量摄入不足、年龄等因素有关。

Nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To analyze nutritional status and risk factors which lead to malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis sufferers, and provide the basis for nutritional intervention. Methods 98 sufferers underwent a 3-day retrospective 24-hour dietary survey, nutritional status assessment with Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment(MQSGA), and necessary somatological and biochemical measurements. Results The diet survey showed that actual standard body mass daily energy intake(DEI) was (117.15±5.98)kJ/(kg·d), actual standard body mass daily protein intake(DPI) was (1.02±0.42)g/kg·d, and superior quality protein intake quantity was (19.8±12.9)g/d. Sufferers′ DEI, DPI and superior quality protein intake were all lower than the recommended standard. Nutritional status assessment showed that the malnutrition incidence was 48.9%. Sufferers with sufficient dialysis demonstrated a lower malnutrition incidence than those with insufficient dialysis. There was significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05). The malnutrition incidence in sufferers at or above 60 years old was obviously higher than those under 60 years old(P<0.05). Conclusion The malnutrition incidence in maintenance hemodialysis sufferers is high, which is primarily related to the age and insufficiency in dialysis and protein and energy intake.