1990～2005年贵州省三都县鼠情监测结果分析

目的摸清贵州省三都县鼠种种类及优势种,研究鼠类种群数量变化规律,为大面积灭鼠工作提供科学依据。方法1990~2005年每月定期在住宅、稻田、旱地3种生境采用夹夜法调查,收集鼠类标本,分类鉴定,统计鼠密度和鼠种组成。结果三都县家栖鼠类和农田鼠类主要有3种,住宅区以褐家鼠为优势种,占总鼠数的50.1%,其次是小家鼠,占40.6%,黄胸鼠数量较少,仅占9.4%;稻田、旱地耕作区以黄胸鼠为优势种,占总鼠数的56.8%,其次为褐家鼠,占25.7%,小家鼠数量较少,仅占17.5%。混合鼠种历年住宅区平均密度为5.2%,稻田、旱地耕作区平均密度为5.2%,不同月份混合种群鼠密度存在一定差异,住宅区和农田区均以夏季(6~7月)最高,平均密度分别为7.1%和7.8%。结论黄胸鼠、褐家鼠、小家鼠是三都县监测和防治的主要对象,化学防治是农区灭鼠的主要手段之一。

Analysis of Rodent Surveillance in Sandu County of Guizhou Province from 1990 to 2005

Objective To know the species and dominant species of rodents in Sandu County,Guizhou Proveince,to research the change regularity of rodents' population and provide scientific basis for large scale deratization.Methods From 1990 to 2005,investigation was carried out with trap-night method in residential area,paddyfield and dry land at fixed date every month to collect samples of rodents,identify classification and count density and structure of rodents.Results There were 3 dominant species of house and field rodents in Sandu County.In the residential area,the dominant species was Rattus norvegicus,accounted for 50.1% of the total of rodents.The next was Mus musculus,occupied 40.6%.Rattus flavipectus was only 9.4%.In the paddyfield and dry land,Rattus flavipectus was the dominant species,accounted for 56.8% of the total rodents.Then it was Rattus norvegicus,occupied 25.7%.Mus musculus was only 17.5%.In the past years,the average density of mixed species of rodents was 5.2% in residential areas,5.2% in paddyfield and dryland farming areas.There was difference in mixed species of rodents in various months.In residential area and farmland,the average density was the highest in summer(June to July) of 7.1% and 7.8%.Conclusions Rattus flavipectus,Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus is the main controlling target.Chemical control is one of the major ways of deratization in farmland.