Role for T-type Ca2+ channels in sleep waves |
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Authors: | Vincenzo Crunelli Francois David Nathalie Leresche Régis C. Lambert |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US, UK 2. Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Paris, F-75005, France 3. CNRS, UMR 8246, NPS, Paris, F-75005, France 4. INSERM, U1130, NPS, Paris, F-75005, France
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Abstract: | Since their discovery more than 30 years ago, low-threshold T-type Ca2+ channels (T channels) have been suggested to play a key role in many EEG waves of non-REM sleep, which has remained exclusively linked to the ability of these channels to generate low-threshold Ca2+ potentials and associated high-frequency bursts of action potentials. Our present understanding of the biophysics and physiology of T channels, however, highlights a much more diverse and complex picture of the pivotal contributions that they make to different sleep rhythms. In particular, recent experimental evidence has conclusively demonstrated the essential contribution of thalamic T channels to the expression of slow waves of natural sleep and the key role played by Ca2+ entry through these channels in the activation or modulation of other voltage-dependent channels that are important for the generation of both slow waves and sleep spindles. However, the precise contribution to sleep rhythms of T channels in cortical neurons and other sleep-controlling neuronal networks remains unknown, and a full understanding of the cellular and network mechanisms of sleep delta waves is still lacking. |
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