胎儿先天性心脏病的高危因素及产前超声诊断

目的　探讨胎儿先天性心脏病 (CHD)的高危因素及彩色超声诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的适应证。方法　彩色超声仪检查 2 780例孕妇 ,回顾分析胎儿CHD发病的高危因素 ;比较高危、低危孕妇组胎儿先天性心脏病的发病率。结果　孕妇孕期上呼吸道感染、高龄、先兆流产、早孕期接触X线等是胎儿CHD发病的高危因素。高危组胎儿先天性心脏病发病率为 6 81% ,低危组发病率为 1 5 4 % ,两组胎儿CHD发病率间差别有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。结论　胎儿先天性心脏病存在高危因素 ,对高危孕妇常规及适时地进行胎儿心脏超声产前诊断 ,及早发现复杂性胎儿先天性心脏病 ,可减少出生缺陷。

Study in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Congenital Heart Disease

Objective To explore high-risk factors of fetal congenital heart disease (CHD) and the indication of diagnosing CHD by color ultrasound.Methods A retrospective study was carried out to examine 2780 pregnant women with color Doppler echocardiography for analyzing the high-risk factors of their fetuses. Among them, 162 fetuses were diagnosed with CHD. We analyzed high-risk factors to CHD in pregnant women and fetuses and compared CHD incidence in high-risk group and low-risk group respectively.Results The upper respiratory tract inflection, older age, threatened abortion, touching X-ray in the early pregnancy were high- risk factors of CHD. CHD incidence was 6.81% in high-risk group, 1.54% in low-risk group. There was statistically significant difference in CHD of the two groups(P<0.01).Conclusion There existed high-risk factors in CHD of the fetus. The fetal heart of the high-risk pregnant women should be diagnosed with color echocardiography normally and timely to find the complicated fetal CHD earlier, which can reduce birth defects of the fetuses.