干细胞治疗薄型子宫内膜的研究进展

在辅助生殖技术中，子宫内膜厚度可以反映内膜功能状态，薄型子宫内膜是指子宫内膜厚度不足以获得胚胎着床及临床妊娠。虽然临床对薄型子宫内膜治疗的方式较多，但总体治疗效果欠佳。干细胞因具有多向分化和自我更新的潜能而展现出广阔的发展前景，包括胚胎干细胞、成体干细胞和诱导多能干细胞，随着对干细胞研究的深入，目前有研究诱导干细胞向子宫内膜细胞定向分化并增生，以促进子宫内膜生长，进而用于治疗薄型子宫内膜。现主要就骨髓间质干细胞（BMSCs）、子宫内膜干细胞（EDSCs）、人胚胎干细胞（hESCs）及人脐带华通胶间充质干细胞（WJ-MSCs）在薄型子宫内膜治疗的研究进展以及这4种细胞用于临床治疗的优缺点进行综述。

Outlook of Stem Cells for the Treatment of Thin Endometrium

In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the endometrial thickness is a common index of the endometrial function. When the endometrium is too thin to suit for embryonic implantation and clinical pregnancy, it is defined as the thin endometrium. Although there are many treatments for thin endometrium, the effects are not satisfied. Stem cells, including embryonic stem cells (ES), adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), with the ability of self-renewal and differentiation, have been applied in many clinical trials. Studies showed that stem cells can be induced to endometrial cells, and that stem cells can promote the endometrial growth of endometrium, which means that stem cells may be used to treat thin endometrium. In this review, we discussed the research progress on the application of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (ＢＭＳＣｓ), endometrial stem cells (EDSCs), human embryonic stem cells (ｈＥＳＣｓ) and human wharton′s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) in the treatment of thin endometrium, and compared their advantages and disadvantages.