非编码RNA在生殖调节中的研究进展

非编码RNA（ncRNAs）在高等生物体内大量存在，组成十分复杂的生物调控网络，是目前生物医学领域的研究热点。小干扰RNA（siRNA）、微小RNA（miRNA）和PIWI相互作用RNA（piRNA）作为细胞内基因调控网络的重要成员影响细胞的各种生命活动。近年研究表明，ncRNA通过沉默转座元件和调控编码基因等方式在生殖细胞发育、分化、凋亡及激素合成的调控过程中发挥重要作用，ncRNA的异常表达与多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）和卵巢功能早衰（POF）等生殖疾病密切相关。综述ncRNA在卵泡和胚胎发育以及精子生成等方面的作用及其研究进展。

Roles of Non-coding RNAs in the Regulation of Reproduction

Non-coding RNAs (ncRANs), abounding in higher organisms, form a very complex network of biological regulation, which is the hotspot of biomedicine in recent years. Three kinds of ncRANs, small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) and PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), are important members of this regulating network. Recent studies showed that ncRNAs play key regulatory roles in the development, differentiation and apoptosis of germ cells during gametogenesis and the steroidogenesis by the machinery silence transposable elements and their regulating effects on the expression of target genes. Ovarian dysfunction such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and premature ovarian failure (POF) could be related with the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs. In this paper, we summarized the research progress of ncRNAs in follicular development, spermatogenesis and embryonic development.