Survey of toxicants and nutrients in composted waste materials |
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| Authors: | Donald J Lisk Walter H Gutenmann Michael Rutzke H Thomas Kuntz Gordon Chu |
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| Institution: | (1) Toxic Chemicals Laboratory, Department of Fruit and Vegetable Science, Cornell University, 14853-7401 Ithaca, New York, USA;(2) Department of Animal Science, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, 14853-7401 Ithaca, New York, USA |
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| Abstract: | Currently, there is much activity in composting yard wastes (leaves, twigs, grass), sewage sludge and portions of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in the United States. The resultant compost is typically applied to agricultural or recreational land. A nationwide analytical survey was therefore conducted of 21 toxic and nutrient elements, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and gamma emission in 26 composts sampled nationwide in 1991. Those composts produced solely from sludge or MSW tended to be higher in metals such as Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn as compared to totally yard waste compost. Molybdenum, P and Se were higher in composted sewage sludge and Na and Pb in composted MSW than in yard waste compost. PCBs and gamma emission were low or not detectable in most compost samples. Shards of metal and glass found particularly in MSW-containing composts would detract from its application especially in recreational areas. References dealing with the reactions of metals in composts and environmental effects of compost application to land are cited. |
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