腔内修复术治疗破裂性主动脉瘤

目的探讨腔内修复术（EVR）治疗破裂性主动脉瘤（RAA）的安全性、可行性、有效性和存在的问题。方法术前应用CT、磁共振成像对14例RAA患者进行诊断,评估病变近、远端血管锚定区条件。对存在休克的患者进行积极的抗休克治疗。支架型人工血管在X线透视下经股动脉被释放在RAA的预定位置。结果瘤体破裂距实施EVR时间50min～21d;3例存在大量左侧胸腔积血,2例患者在出血性休克的状态下进行手术。5例应用分叉形支架型人工血管,9例应用直筒形支架型人工血管。随访1～38个月,1例破裂性胸主动脉瘤术后第4个小时死亡,1例创伤后腹主动脉假性动脉瘤术后9个月因左侧脓胸死亡,其余患者均生存,无并发症。结论EVR治疗RAA是安全、可行和有效的,可能成为治疗RAA的有效方法。但对近、远端锚定区条件差的病变和不能熟练完成常规主动脉瘤EVR的单位应慎重进行RAA的腔内治疗。

The endovascular repair of ruptured aortic aneurysm

Objective To discuss the safety, feasibility, efficacy and problem of endovascular repair(EVR) for ruptured aortic aneurysm(RAA). Methods Fourteen patients with RAA were obtained diagnosis and anatomic data of proximal and distal neck through magnetic resonance imaging and CT. The patients with hypotension were accepted anti-shock treatment.Stent-grafts were deployed in proper position of RAA under X-ray fluoroscopic. Results The time from rupture to operation was 50 min to 21 d. Three cases had plenty of blood in left pleural cavity and 2 cases were done under bleeding shock condition. Five cases with RAA were fixed by bifurcated stent-grafts and others by straight stent-grafts. Follow-up term was 1 month to 38 months. One with ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm died 4 h later after operation, another one died of left thoracic cavity infection 9 months later, and others lived well without complication. Conclusion The EVR is a safe, efficient and feasible method. It will be a potential alternative to treat RAA in future, but more suitable for RAA with better proximal and distal landing zones.