Electrocardiogram changes and arrhythmias in venlafaxine overdose |
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Authors: | Geoffrey K Isbister |
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Institution: | Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin and Department of Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, Australia |
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Abstract: | AIMSTo investigate serial electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, haemodynamic changes and arrhythmias following venlafaxine overdose.METHODSThe study included 369 venlafaxine overdoses in 273 patients presenting to a toxicology unit where an ECG was available. Demographic information, details of ingestion, haemodynamic effects heart rate and blood pressure (BP)] and complications (arrhythmias and conduction defects) were obtained. ECG parameters (QT, QRS) were measured manually and analysed by visual inspection, including plotting QT–HR pairs on a QT nomogram.RESULTSThe median ingested dose was 1500 mg interquartile range (IQR) 600–3000 mg; range 75–13 500 mg). Tachycardia occurred in 54% and mild hypertension (systolic BP >140 mmHg) in 40%. Severe hypertension (systolic BP >180 mmHg) and hypotension (systolic BP <90 mmHg) occurred in 3% and 5%, respectively. No arrhythmias occurred based on continuous telemetry, and conduction defects were found in only seven of 369 admissions; five of these conduction defects were pre-existing abnormalities. In 22 admissions 6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4–10] there was an abnormal QT–HR pair, with larger doses being more likely to be associated with an abnormal QT. The median maximum QRS width was 85 ms (IQR 80–90 ms; range 70–145 ms) and the QRS was greater than 120 ms in only 24 admissions (7%, 95% CI 4–10).CONCLUSIONSVenlafaxine overdose causes only minor abnormalities in the QT and QRS intervals, unlikely to be associated with major arrhythmias, except possibly with large doses. |
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Keywords: | arrhythmia cardiac toxicity overdose QRS width QT prolongation venlafaxine |
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