建立心肌梗死心气虚血瘀证和心阳虚血瘀证病证动物模型的研究

目的　探求中西医结合病证大鼠模型的构建和评价方法。方法　 结扎大鼠心脏前降支动脉致心肌梗死（心力衰竭）模型，于术后9～12周应用一氧化氮合酶抑制剂致血压升高、心衰加重，观察造模大鼠12周，采集四诊信息、结合中医八纲辨证，运用中西医结合学会虚证和血瘀证的诊断标准进行脏腑气血虚实辨证。结果　造模后大鼠心电图ST段升高，异常Q波数量、脏体比值、左室腔面积和心肌胶原面积均明显多于假手术组（P＜0.01)，表现为血瘀证；且模型大鼠心率显著高于假手术组（P＜0.01），力竭游泳时间、心功能显著低于假手术组（P＜0.01），表现出心气虚证候；后期(12周）大鼠血压升高、心功能恶化，致心气虚证候加重，体温低、尿量增加进一步改变。结论 中西医临床和基础研究中规范的、成熟的、统一的标准和方法引入中医动物模型研究，可以成为中医病证动物模型建立和评价的基本思路。

Study on Establishing Animal Model of Myocardial Infarction of Blood-stasis and Xin-qi Deficiency Syndrome or BIood-stasis and Xin-yang Deficiency Syndrome Type

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the method for establishing animal model of integrative medical disease/ syndrome and its evaluation. METHODS: Rat myocardial (heart failure) model was established by anterio-descending coronary arterial ligation, and treated by nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 9-12 weeks after operation to induce hypertension and aggravate heart failure. The model rat was observed 12 weeks to collect the information of four-diagnosis, for visceral qi-blood and excess-deficiency syndrome differentiation in combining with the eight-principal syndrome differentiation according to the standard of deficiency syndrome and blood-stasis syndrom issued by Chinese Association of integrative medicine. RESULTS: After modeling, the model rats revealed ascended ST segment and abnormal Q-wave in ECG, with the visceral ratio, left ventricular area and myocardial collagen content significantly more than those in the sham-operative group (P < 0.01), showing a blood-stasis syndrome. Besides, Xin-qi deficiency syndrome, exhibiting as quickened heart rate, shortened swimming time and lowered cardiac function, appeared in the model rats (P < 0.01), which was aggravated in the late stage due to the increased blood pressure and deteriorated cardiac function, even revealed the manifestation of Yang-deficiency syndrome as low body temperature and polyuria. CONCLUSION: The basic thinking path of TCM animal disease/syndrome model establishment and evaluation should adopt the normative, mature and unified standard and methods formed in clinical and experimental study of integrative medicine.