常规免疫预防阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴感染的效果

目的 评价免疫预防措施在实际应用中阻断乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)母婴感染的效果,阐明孕妇孕晚期使用乙肝免疫球蛋白(hepatitis B immunoglobulin,HBIG)能否减少HBV母婴感染.方法 将2002年7月至2004年8月江苏省14个县市的419例乙型肝炎表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBsAg)阳性孕妇所分娩子女作为研究组,同地区同期的453例 HBsAg-孕妇分娩的子女作为对照组,于2009年10月至2010年3月期间对2组研究对象进行随访,调查母亲孕期HBIG使用情况以及子女出生后HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗接种情况,检测儿童HBV血清标志物.率的比较采用χ2分析或者Fisher精确概率法,均数的比较采用t检验.结果研究组实际随访298例(71.12%),其中11例(3.69%) HBsAg+;而随访的328例(72.41%)对照组中,HBsAg阳性率为0.00 (χ2=12.32,P<0.01).共11例儿童HBsAg+,其母亲均为HBsAg和HBeAg同时阳性,除1例具体情况不详外,9例儿童在出生时明确没有使用HBIG或延迟接种疫苗,仅1例同时规范使用了HBIG和乙型肝炎疫苗.2组儿童抗-HBs阳性率分别为69.46%和69.21% (χ2=0.01,P=0.95).孕晚期注射HBIG的92例孕妇中,2例(2.17%)儿童HBsAg+;未使用HBIG的197例孕妇中,9例(4.57%)儿童HBsAg+ (χ2=0.98,P=0.51).结论 江苏省常规免疫预防措施在阻断母婴HBV感染方面取得了良好的效果,但对HBV携带孕妇(特别是HBeAg+者)的新生儿仍需强调及时注射HBIG.孕妇孕晚期使用HBIG不能减少母婴HBV感染.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the protective effect of vaccination in routine application on hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposed infants and to clarify whether hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration of pregnant women may reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV. Methods Serum samples of 6398 pregnant women at gestation of 15-20 weeks from 6 urban and 8 rural areas across Jiangsu province were previously tested for serologic markers of HBV by ELISA from July 2002 to August 2004. In this study, infants born to 419 HBV carrier mothers were taken as the study group, while infants born to 453 non-carrier mothers were taken as the control group by stratified random sampling. They were followed-up and screened for HBV markers during October 2009 to March 2010. Information including HBIG administration during pregnancy, HBV vaccination and HBIG administration of the infants were collected. χ2 test or Fisher′s exact method were used to compare the rates and the comparison of the means was by t test. Results The follow-up rates of the study group and control group were 71.12% (298/419) and 72.41% (328/453), respectively. Of the 298 infants born to HBV carrier mothers, 11 (3.7%) were positive for HBsAg, while none of the 328 infants born to non-carrier mothers was HBsAg positive (χ2=12.32, P<0.01). All of the 11 children were born to mothers with both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, and nine of the 11 children were not injected HBIG or not immunized with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth, with only one received regular vaccination and detailed information was unknown in one case. The positive rates of anti-HBs in the study group and the control group were 69.46% and 69.21% respectively (χ2=0.01, P=0.95). HBsAg positive rate of the children born to pregnant women treated with HBIG during late pregnancy (n=92) was 2.17% (n=2), whereas that in the children born to women not treated with HBIG (n=197) was 4.57% (χ2=0.98, P=0.51). Conclusions The protective effect of immunoprophylaxis in routine application against perinatal HBV infection in Jiangsu province is good. Efforts are required to emphasize the importance of HBIG administration in infants born to HBV carrier mothers, especially in HBeAg positive mothers within 24 hours after delivery. Treatment of HBsAg positive pregnant women with HBIG in third trimester would not decrease the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV.

Protective effect of regular immunoprophylaxis on infants against perinatal hepatitis B virus infection

Objective To assess the protective effect of vaccination in routine application on hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposed infants and to clarify whether hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration of pregnant women may reduce the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV. Methods Serum samples of 6398 pregnant women at gestation of 15-20 weeks from 6 urban and 8 rural areas across Jiangsu province were previously tested for serologic markers of HBV by ELISA from July 2002 to August 2004. In this study, infants born to 419 HBV carrier mothers were taken as the study group, while infants born to 453 non-carrier mothers were taken as the control group by stratified random sampling. They were followed-up and screened for HBV markers during October 2009 to March 2010. Information including HBIG administration during pregnancy, HBV vaccination and HBIG administration of the infants were collected. χ2 test or Fisher′s exact method were used to compare the rates and the comparison of the means was by t test. Results The follow-up rates of the study group and control group were 71.12% (298/419) and 72.41% (328/453), respectively. Of the 298 infants born to HBV carrier mothers, 11 (3.7%) were positive for HBsAg, while none of the 328 infants born to non-carrier mothers was HBsAg positive (χ2=12.32, P<0.01). All of the 11 children were born to mothers with both HBsAg and HBeAg positive, and nine of the 11 children were not injected HBIG or not immunized with hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours after birth, with only one received regular vaccination and detailed information was unknown in one case. The positive rates of anti-HBs in the study group and the control group were 69.46% and 69.21% respectively (χ2=0.01, P=0.95). HBsAg positive rate of the children born to pregnant women treated with HBIG during late pregnancy (n=92) was 2.17% (n=2), whereas that in the children born to women not treated with HBIG (n=197) was 4.57% (χ2=0.98, P=0.51). Conclusions The protective effect of immunoprophylaxis in routine application against perinatal HBV infection in Jiangsu province is good. Efforts are required to emphasize the importance of HBIG administration in infants born to HBV carrier mothers, especially in HBeAg positive mothers within 24 hours after delivery. Treatment of HBsAg positive pregnant women with HBIG in third trimester would not decrease the risk of maternal-fetal transmission of HBV.