胎儿发育中水通道蛋白的免疫组化观察

目的观察胎儿器官和组织发育过程中水通道蛋白(AQPs)的表达特征,初步探讨AQPs对胎儿发育进程的生物意义。方法14～38周胎儿共12例,取用肾脏、肺脏、唾液腺、甲状腺和胃等器官,常规固定、石蜡包埋和切片;用免疫组化S-P法,检测AQPs(AQP1、AQP2和AQP4)在胎儿不同胎龄器官组织中的表达。结果胎儿肾脏中AQPs定位于近端小管和集合管系统;胎肺中AQPs的表达随肺泡发育分化而迁移,始终定位于肺泡上皮;晚期胎肺中AQPs于肺泡及呼吸道上皮均有表达;胎16周起检出AQPs反应于唾液腺、胃腺和胰腺等消化腺,同时甲状腺中AQPs在滤泡上皮也有活跃表达。结论胎肾中AQPs的表达与肾的重吸收功能直接相关;胎肺内AQPs的表达反映肺泡上皮分化的轨迹,其调节水分的作用为肺泡发育提供空间;AQPs介导细胞内外水分的转运不但调节消化腺的分泌还参与调节甲状腺滤泡的激素合成和分泌过程。表明AQPs在胎儿发育过程,对各器官中水转运功能的成熟起重要作用。

Immunohistochemical observation of aquaporins (AQPs) during the development of fetus

Objective To observe the expressions of AQPs in the fetal organs,and to discuss its biologic significance for the development of fetus. Methods 12 specimens of human fetus (from 14th to 38th week of gestation) were obtained. The organs including salivary gland, thyroid, pancreas, stomach, lung and kidney were adopted, paraffin specimen in the routine, and AQPs (AQP1,AQP2,AQP4)were examined in the fetal organs of different gestational ages by immunohistochemistry of S-P method. Results The positive reaction of AQPs was located in the renal proximal tubule and collecting duct system in fetal kidney. In fetal lungs, the expressions of AQPs transferred always following the differentiation course of alveolus; but in anaphase of fetus, AQPs were also showed on airway epithelium. From the 16th week, AQPs were expressed not only in salivary glands, stomach and pancreas but also actively in thyroid follicular. Conclusion AQPs is involved in the function of re- absorption in fetal kidney. In fetal lungs, the expressions of AQPs showe the track of alveolus differentiation, and the role of AQPs which regulating water in fetal lungs provide the space for development of apiece alveolus. In digestive glands , AQPs could mediate transferring water between extracellular and endocellular to regulate acinus secretion. It is suggest that AQPs might play an important role in water transferring of most fetal organs.